Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry detection: analysis of amino acid and organic acid trimethylsilyl derivatives, with application to the analysis of metabolites in rye grass samples
79
Citation
20
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Keywords:
Trimethylsilyl
Two-Dimensional Chromatography
Two-dimensional gas
Malic acid
Two-Dimensional Chromatography
Two-dimensional gas
Solid-Phase Microextraction
Cite
Citations (84)
The selection and quality of hops is a major determinant in beer flavour. Brewers acknowledge that distinctive characteristics of different hop varieties can be traced to the composition of their essential oils. The difficulty in characterising complex mixtures such as hop oil using 1-D chromatography is that many compounds co-elute. With the introduction of comprehensive multidimensional capillary gas chromatography (GC x GC), there is a tremendous improvement in the separation power or peak capacity. Recent work using GC x GC with flame ionisation detection has suggested that there may be over 1,000 compounds in hop oil. This work describes the use of GC x GC combined with TOFMS detection (Leco Pegasus 4D instrument) to analyse Target hop oil. The TOFMS spectral acquisition rate of 60 Hz provided sufficient spectra per peak (2-D peak base width of 0.1-0.2 s) for identification (119 components were identified with 45 previously unreported compounds). When analysing results, an advantage of GC x GC coupled to TOFMS is that 2-D chromatograms can be viewed for individual masses that are characteristic of particular functional groups. This allows the analyst to view the various homologous series of compounds although in certain cases coelution may still be present as shown by the esters with mass 75.
Two-dimensional gas
Kovats retention index
Two-Dimensional Chromatography
Flame ionization detector
Homologous series
Cite
Citations (93)
The influence of modulator temperature, modulation frequency, temperature programming rate, and carrier gas velocity on the performance of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC–TOF MS) was studied. The system was characterized with respect to the repeatability of peak areas and retention times of selected analytes, their detection limits, and the linearity of their calibration plots. The system was found to be linear in the 0.01–3 ng range, and detection limits for the pesticides were between 5 and 23 pg. The performance of the system was compared with that of conventional one-dimensional (1D) GC–TOF MS, the advantages of TOF MS for identification and deconvolution are discussed, and several approaches for the processing of GC×GC–TOF MS data are explained with the emphasis on (semi)-automated data processing and the differences with 1D-GC–TOF MS.
Repeatability
Two-dimensional gas
Two-Dimensional Chromatography
Cite
Citations (140)
Chemometrics
Two-dimensional gas
Two-Dimensional Chromatography
Modulation (music)
Cite
Citations (5)
Kewda (Pandanus fascicularis Lam.) is a well known medicinal and aromatic plant. The paper aims to precisely characterize volatile constituents present in Kewda flower oil using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time of flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOFMS). A total of 159 components were identified due to enhanced chromatographic separation and mass spectral deconvolution of GCxGC-TOFMS. On the basis of its chemical structure, the identified compounds were grouped into hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, ketones, esters, nitrogen compounds, aldehydes, acids, lactones, halides and sulfur containing compounds. Ethers were the major components. The predominant compounds identified by GCxGC-TOFMS were kewda ether, ortho-cymene and terpinen-4-ol. A database containing retention indices of compounds was created for the bi-dimensional column, thus proving to be a remarkable step for analysis of constituents using a GCxGC system. GCxGC-TOFMS separated a number of co-eluting components which were unresolved on a single GC column.
Two-Dimensional Chromatography
Two-dimensional gas
Cite
Citations (14)
The comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (gc x gc/tofms) was applied to investigate zedoary volatile oil. the separation power of gc x gc and gc, and identification power of gc x gc/tofms and gc/ms were compared under the same conditions. 87 peaks were achieved with gc, while about 500 peaks were resolved with gc x gc. in the meantime, gc x gc/tofms not only identified 227 peaks (much more than the peaks of 46 in gc), but also provided 3 kinds of orthogonal identification information that makes the result more reliable. all of these show that gc x gc/tofms is a powerful instrument in the analysis of volatile oil of traditional chinese medicines.
Two-dimensional gas
Two-Dimensional Chromatography
Cite
Citations (1)
Two-dimensional gas
Two-Dimensional Chromatography
Chemometrics
Cite
Citations (15)
Abstract Head‐space solid phase microextration (SPME), followed by comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography–time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC–TOFMS), has been implemented for the analysis of honey volatiles, with emphasis on the optimal selection of SPME fibre and the first‐ and second‐dimension GC capillaries. From seven SPME fibres investigated, a divinylbenzene/Carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) 50/30 μm fibre provided the best sorption capacity and the broadest range of volatiles extracted from the headspace of a mixed honey sample. A combination of DB‐5ms×SUPELCOWAX 10 columns enabled the best resolution of sample components compared to the other two tested column configurations. Employing this powerful analytical strategy led to the identification of 164 volatile compounds present in a honey mixture during a 19‐min GC run. Combination of this simple and inexpensive SPME‐based sampling/concentration technique with the advanced separation/identification approach represented by GC×GC–TOFMS allows a rapid and comprehensive examination of the honey volatiles profile. In this way, the laboratory sample throughput can be increased significantly and, at the same time, the risk of erroneous identification, which cannot be avoided in one‐dimensional GC separation, is minimised.
Solid-Phase Microextraction
Divinylbenzene
Two-Dimensional Chromatography
Two-dimensional gas
Polydimethylsiloxane
Sample Preparation
Chemometrics
Monolith
Volatile organic compound
Cite
Citations (89)
The use of gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS), GC-time-of-flight MS (TOFMS), comprehensive two-dimensional GC (GCxGC)-flame ionization detection (FID), and GCxGC-TOFMS is discussed for the characterization of the eight important representative components, including Z-alpha-santalol, epi-alpha-bisabolol, Z-alpha-trans-bergamotol, epi-beta-santalol, Z-beta-santalol, E,E-farnesol, Z-nuciferol, and Z-lanceol, in the oil of west Australian sandalwood (Santalum spicatum). Single-column GC-MS lacks the resolving power to separate all of the listed components as pure peaks and allow precise analytical measurement of individual component abundances. With enhanced peak resolution capabilities in GCxGC, these components are sufficiently well resolved to be quantitated using flame ionization detection, following initial characterization of components by using GCxGC-TOFMS.
Santalum album
Two-dimensional gas
Two-Dimensional Chromatography
Sandalwood
Flame ionization detector
Cite
Citations (42)