Solar Activity and Total Column Ozone Variation in Lagos, Nigeria
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Impacts of solar activity on the total column ozone variation within an interval of four years (1993-1997) have been investigated at an equatorial station of Lagos (06°33' N, 03°21' E) Nigeria. The linear regression analysis shows a significant negative correlation between mean total column ozone and solar activity both at monthly level (r = -0.0652, r2 = 0.0043) and annual level (r = -0.2671, r2 = 0.07138). Significant negative correlation (r = -3798, r2 = 0.1375) exists between the two variables during low solar activity. The total column ozone decreases with increasing solar activity. Linear fits of the data were proposed. The data length needs to be extended and more data points created in equatorial regions. (Nigeria Journal of Pure and Applied Physics: 2003 2 (1): 17-20)Keywords:
Linear correlation
Seasonality
Linear relationship
Negative correlation
Variation (astronomy)
This study aims to investigate the relationship between linear speed, agility and reaction time in amateur football players. Totally 15 male amateur soccer players with an average age of 20.00 ± 1.309 (years), average height 1.78 ± 0.058 (m), bodyweight average 70.05 ± 6.300 (kg) and body mass index average 22.18 ± 1.525 (kg / m2) voluntarily participated in the research. All participants completed a test battery involving linear sprinting (10, 20, 30 m), agility test (T test) and reaction time test. Fitlight TrainerTM device was used in all experiments. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to determine the relationship between linear speed, agility and reaction time. As a result of the investigation, statistically significant positive relationships were found between the reaction time and 10 m and 20 m linear speed, between agility and 20 m and 30 m linear speed, between 10 m and 20 m linear speed and between 20 m and 30 m linear speed ( p <0.05). As a result, according to this study, it can be said that features such as linear speed, agility and reaction time are related to each other in amateur soccer players.
Linear relationship
Linear correlation
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The absorbancy after the reaction between the serum phenoloxidase of Procambarus clarkii and L-DOPA was measured by Ashida′s spectrophotometry per 2 minutes and the results of phenoloxidase activity were calculated at different time in 60 minutes.The results showed that when the phenoloxidase activity was higher,the linear relationship between absorbancy and time was gradually poorer as measuring time was 60 minutes,which indicated that the measured results of phenoloxidase activity were not accurate and reliable.This phenomenon was the same as the results in previous reports of Penaeus vannamei,Penaeus chinesis,Eriocheir sinensis and Pieris rapae.Compared to the linear relationship and calculated results as measuring time was 6 minutes,the linear relationship lowered significantly as measuring time was longer than 12 minutes,and the linear relationship lowered a little also as measuring time was shorter than 6 minutes;the calculated results lowered significantly as measuring time was longer than 10 minutes.The suitable measuring time(t)of phenoloxidase activity was 6 minutes≤t10 minutes and the most suitable one was 6 minutes which was obtained by analyzing the linear relationship between absorbancy and measuring time and calculating results of phenoloxidase activity at different time.
Linear relationship
Linear correlation
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Objective To establish a method for rapid determination of 5 kinds of disinfection by-products( DBPs) in drinking water. Methods Based on the weak water-solubility of DBPs,capillary gas chromatography with headspace sampling was employed to detect the DBPs in drinking water,and the influencing factors including linear range,linear relationship,lowest detection limit,precision and others were all considered. Results The concentrations of trichloromethane,tetrachloromethane and dibromochloromethane in water pipe network were 4. 13 μg / L ~ 19. 32 μg / L,0. 31 μg / L ~ 0. 47 μg / L and 1. 21 μg / L ~ 4. 59 μg / L,respectively. The curves of 5 kinds of DBPs showed good linear relationship in a certain range. The correlation coefficients were all greater than 0. 992,the detection limit of the method was far below the national standards,relative standard deviations were 0. 5% ~ 9. 4%( n = 6). The average recovery rates were 84% ~ 101%. Conclusion This method can effectively separate and accurately determine 5 kinds of DBPs in drinking water. In addition,the research indicates that the 5 kinds of DBPs conform to the national standards. Chloro-DBPs were dominant in drinking water in this area. Dibromochloromethane may be produced with back flow of sea water or salty tide.
Linear relationship
Linear correlation
Capillary gas chromatography
Linear range
National standard
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In order to examine the effect of ozone in the aquaous phase, studies were performed on the relationship between the sterilizing effect and the injection rate of ozone, reaction temperature or dissolved organic carbon.As a result, a linear and high coefficient relationship was seen between residual bacterial counts and the injection rate of ozone, and the relation depended on the temperature.Injection rate of ozone decreased along with the decline of the temperature. It was realized that the effect of sterilization is more effective at a lower temperature.
Sterilization
Linear relationship
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A 4-curve light response model was proposed after analyzing delayed fluorescence(DF) light response curves of four different samples to improve the DF detection capabilities for plant photosynthetic ability.The linear correlation between unsaturated DF strength and photosynthetic ability was deducted in theory,and the linear coefficient is related to that of saturated light-induced.The leaves of rice(Jing Dao No.21) were choosen as the samples to demonstrate the linear correlation,and results show that there is a strong linear correlation between them.Both the theoretical and experimental analyses show that the unsaturated DF is an effective method measuring the plant photosynthetic ability.
Linear correlation
Linear relationship
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Objective To establish the method to determine the contents of rhein,emodin and chrysophanol in Zhitonggao.Methods RP-HPLC method was adopted with Hypersil ODS C18 as column.The mobile phase consisted of methanol-water(85∶15) with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The detection wavelength was 254 nm.Results The linear correlation of rhein was good in the range of 0.208-1.040 μg(r=0.999 0,n=5) and the recovery was 98.37%(RSD=0.57%,n=5).The linear correlation of emodin was good in the range of 0.192-0.96 μg(r=0.999 7,n=5) and the recovery was 98.45%(RSD=0.99%,n=5).The linear correlation of chrysophanol was good in the range of 0.596-2.980 μg(r=0.999 5,n=5) and the recovery was 98.18%(RSD=1.50%,n=5).Conclusion The method is simple,sensitive and accurate,with good reproducibility.It can be applied to control the quality of the preparation.
Linear correlation
Linear relationship
Linear range
Content determination
Recovery rate
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A new method for determination of vitamin B_6(VB_6) is developed based on the fluorescence enhancement of 6-methyl-2-(α-hydroxyethyl)-1H-benzimidazole(MHEBM) by VB_6 with the MHMBM as a novel fluorescent molecule probe.The experimental results show that the linear relationship between the fluorescence enhancement effect of MHMBM and the concentration of VB_6 is good in neutral aqueous solutions.The correlation coefficient (r) and the linear range are 0.999 8 and(0.2—18.2)μg/mL respectively with the detection limit of 0.098μg/ mL.The method has been applied to determination of VB_6 in sample with 2.32%RSD.The recovery is 99.54% and the results are satisfactory.
Linear range
Linear relationship
Linear correlation
Benzimidazole
Vitamin b
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The linear equation describing the correlation of BET-monolayer moisture content with temperature has been applied for a large group of products of various origin and properties. It has been established that for most materials there exists a high linear correlation between these two values, and the dependence betwenn them is described with sufficient accuracy by the coresponding linear equation.
Linear correlation
Linear relationship
Positive correlation
Negative correlation
Content (measure theory)
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The change of the concentration of organic compounds in coagulation bath was measured during hollow fiber spinning process by ultraviolet spectrophotometer;the relationships between the concentration of DMAC/PVP and COD were tested also.The results indicated that the relationship between the concentration of organic compound and COD is linear correlation,and between absorption and COD is also linear correlation in the range of 250～240 nm,the coefficients of correlation are r 20 99.So the concentration of organic compound in coagulating bath of hollow fiber membrane for DMAC/PVP system can be tested by ultraviolet spectrophotometer.
Linear correlation
Linear relationship
Hollow fiber membrane
Ultraviolet
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