Hydrophilic interaction chromatography/electrospray mass spectrometry analysis of carbohydrate‐related metabolites from Arabidopsis thaliana leaf tissue
104
Citation
38
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Abstract:
Abstract This work describes the development and application of an on‐line liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) method using hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) coupled to negative ion mode electrospray ionisation ion trap mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) for the analysis of highly polar carbohydrate‐related metabolites commonly found in plants, ranging from reducing and non‐reducing sugars and sugar alcohols to sugar phosphates. Using this method, separation and detection of a mixture of eight authentic standard compounds containing glucose (Glc), sucrose (Suc), raffinose, verbascose, mannitol, maltitol, glucose‐6‐phosphate (Glc6P) and trehalose‐6‐phosphate (Tre6P) were achieved in less than 15 min. The method is rapid, robust, selective, and sensitive, with limits of detection (LODs) ranging from 0.2 µM obtained for neutral sugars, to 1.0 µM obtained for sugar alcohols, and 2.0 µM obtained for negatively charged sugar phosphates. We have studied the negative ion collision‐induced dissociation (CID) fragmentation behaviour of the non‐reducing raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose. Mainly B i and C i glycosidic and A i cross‐ring structurally informative cleavages are observed. We have applied this HILIC/ESI‐MS method for the analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana wild‐type Columbia‐0 (Col‐0) and its starchless phosphoglucomutase mutant ( pgm1 ) leaf extracts. The method was used to quantify Glc, Suc, raffinose, and Glc6P in A . thaliana extracts. Data obtained using this HILIC/ESI‐MS method were compared with those obtained using a comparable porous graphitic carbon‐based LC/ESI‐MS method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Keywords:
Stachyose
Cite
Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merrill] seed with low raffinose, stachyose, and phytin is desired for feeding nonruminant animals to improve feed efficiency, increase mineral uptake, and reduce flatulence, but may have reduced agronomic quality. Composition of soluble carbohydrates in seed parts and sensitivity of mature seed to imbibitional chilling were determined for low raffinose and stachyose (LRS) seed; low raffinose, stachyose, and phytin (LRSP1, LRSP2) seed; and normal raffinose, stachyose, and phytin (CHECK) seed. Cotyledons and axes of seed from the three modified lines had low raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose compared to the CHECK. Cotyledons from LRS seed had significantly higher concentrations of galactinol and the di‐ and tri‐α‐galactoside derivatives of myo ‐inositol, d ‐pinitol, and d ‐ chiro ‐inositol than cotyledons from LRSP1 and LRSP2 seed. Seed coats of all four lines were similar in soluble carbohydrate composition indicating the modifications were expressed in embryo tissues. Mature seed of LRS and CHECK was tolerant to imbibitional chilling, but LRSP1 and LRSP2 seed were sensitive to imbibitional chilling. The higher accumulation of cyclitol α‐galactosides in embryos (cotyledons) of LRS seed (90% cotyledons, 2% axis, 8% seed coat) may have contributed to imbibitional chilling tolerance.
Stachyose
Cyclitol
Cite
Citations (27)
Abstract Abstract : The effects of soaking, cooking and crude α‐galactosidase treatment on the level of stachyose and raffinose present in cowpea flours were investigated. Soaking for 16 h resulted in an average reduction of 26·2% for stachyose and 28·0% for raffinose, while cooking for 50 min resulted in a reduction of 28·6% for stachyose and 44·0% for raffinose. On the other hand, treatment of cowpea flours for 2 h at 50°C with crude fungal preparations having an α‐galactosidase activity equivalent to 64 units μg −1 protein, brought about a mean decrease of 82·3% for stachyose and 93·3% for raffinose. These results show that the enzyme treatment was more effective in removing the raffinose‐family oligosaccharides and hence could be a useful technique for control of the flatulence‐inducing activity of cowpea flours.
Stachyose
Flatulence
Oligosaccharide
Cite
Citations (77)
The use of intracellular alpha-galactosidase from Gibberella fujikuroi to remove raffinose and stachyose in soymilk was studied. The optimum conditions for the enzymic hydrolysis of raffinose and stachyose was pH 5.5 to 6.0 at 55 degrees C. Alpha-galactosidase showed optimum activity at pH 5.0 and 50 degrees C with the substrate p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-galacto-pyranoside (PNGP). The enzyme showed no detectable loss of activity when held more than 8 hr at 50 degrees C. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) revealed the following composition of oligosaccharides in local soybean variety: sucrose, 5.53%; raffinose, 1.95%; and stachyose, 6.1%. Investigation by TLC showed complete hydrolysis of raffinose and stachyose in 3 hr. HPLC analysis of hydrolyzate indicated complete hydrolysis of stachyose, and more than 60% hydrolysis of raffinose in 2.5 hr.
Stachyose
Melibiose
Oligosaccharide
Alpha-galactosidase
Cite
Citations (54)
Research was conducted to determine the effects of enzymatically hydrolyzing raffinose and stachyose from soybean meal (SBM) on fecal oligosaccharide concentration and growth performance of chicks fed a corn-SBM diet. The alpha-galactosidase treatment was optimized for oligosaccharide degradation. Enzyme treatment degraded raffinose and stachyose in SBM by 69 and 54%, respectively, compared to untreated soybean meal (USBM). Diets containing enzyme-treated soybean meal (ESBM) resulted in excreta raffinose and stachyose concentrations reduced to below measurable levels (<0.1 mg/ g feces). Enzyme treatment increased (P < 0.05) TME from 2,974 to 3,328 kcal/kg. Three chick growth studies were conducted to determine the effect of feeding ESBM on growth performance. There were no statistical differences (P > 0.05) in growth performance among treatments. Chicks fed the ESBM diet had an increased (P < 0.05) fecal neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content in one of two studies. A fourth experiment was conducted to determine if heating, used to enhance enzyme treatment, would decrease lysine availability. Heating significantly (P < 0.05) reduced lysine availability compared to USBM. These experiments demonstrated that feces could be made void of raffinose and stachyose, but chick growth performance was not significantly (P > 0.05) improved by enzyme treatment.
Stachyose
Oligosaccharide
Lactulose
Cite
Citations (58)
Stachyose
Galactosides
Cite
Citations (20)
Soybean oligosaccharide is a general term for soluble oligosaccharides in beans.Studies indicated that its chief component-stachyose and raffinose had many prominent physiological activities such as antitumor properties,improving gastrointestinal performance,adjusting the lipid of blood and so on,causing more and more scholars' great interests on this filed.More and more studies on stachyose and raffinose in beans hade not only provided atheoretical basis for the designation of new functional soybean products,but also showed desirable reference for people's daily diet.Therefore,this paper reviewed the research progress of thephysiological functions especially the flatulent phenomenon of stachyose and raffinose in recent years.
Stachyose
Oligosaccharide
Cite
Citations (0)
Genetic Analysis of High Sucrose, Low Raffinose, and Low Stachyose Content in V99-5089 Soybean Seeds
Seed sugar content is an important trait for food-grade soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Few reports exist on the genetics of soybean seed sucrose and oligosaccharides contents. The objective of this research was to determine the inheritance of high sucrose and low raffinose and stachyose contents in V99-5089 soybean seeds. The sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose contents were investigated in 125 F3-derived progenies developed from a cross between 'Ozark' and V99-5089. The bimodal distribution with good fit to single gene segregation ratio was observed for sucrose content with high sucrose as recessive, for raffinose content with low raffinose as recessive, and for stachyose content with low stachyose as recessive in the V99-5089-derived population. Strong correlations were recorded between sucrose and raffinose (r = −0.88) and between sucrose and stachyose (r = −0.96), indicating that the desirable food-grade soybean progenies with high sucrose and low oligosaccharides content (low raffinose and low stachyose) can be selected from V99-5089-derived populations. This research provides breeders an excellent germplasm, i.e., V99-5089, with high sucrose, low raffinose, and low stachyose content to use as parent in soybean food-grade breeding programs.
Stachyose
Cite
Citations (16)
During soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merrill] seed development, seed coat tissues contain sucrose, myo -inositol, D- chiro -inositol, D-pinitol and low concentrations of galactinol. Low concentrations of fagopyritol B1, galactopinitols, and raffinose also accumulate in seed coats during mid-maturation and stachyose accumulates late in maturation. Traces of raffinose can be detected in cotyledons of young seeds (24 days after pollination) and infrequently in seed coat cup exudates at mid-seed fill. On gas chromatograms, questionable peaks corresponding to the retention time of raffinose may be observed in seed coat cup exudates. To determine if raffinose and stachyose can be unloaded from seed coats into the free space surrounding developing seeds, soybean stem-leaf-pod explants from plants with low-raffinose, low-stachyose seeds (LRS) or normal raffinose and stachyose seeds (CHECK) were fed solutions containing 10 mM raffinose or 10 mM stachyose via the cut stem for 3 days. Raffinose was present in leaf, pod and seed coat tissues after feeding raffinose or stachyose to explants. Small amounts of raffinose were unloaded into seed coat cups. Stachyose accumulated in leaf and pod tissues after feeding stachyose to explants, but stachyose was detected in only one of the 32 seed coat exudates assayed. Soybean seed coats unloaded raffinose in very small amounts that may explain the presence of trace amounts of raffinose in embryo tissues of young seeds.
Stachyose
Coat
Cite
Citations (1)
Stachyose
Oligosaccharide
Residue (chemistry)
Cite
Citations (53)
Stachyose
Oligosaccharide
Gram
Cite
Citations (25)