Bio-inoculation of yerba mate seedlings (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hill.) with native plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria: a sustainable alternative to improve crop yield

Integrated production in sustainable agriculture aims to improve the efficiency of biological inputs through plant-based bioformulations or microorganisms, which are an excellent source of natural fertilisers. A variety of plant stimulants are increasingly used in crop production for environmentally sustainable agriculture. These products have different names and the designations are confusing. The aim of this work is to clarify what is meant by biofertilizer and biostimulant. A biofertilizer is a bacterial or fungal inoculant applied to plants with the aim of increasing the availability of nutrients and their use by plants, regardless of the nutrient content of the inoculant itself. A plant biostimulant is substance or microorganism applied to plants for the purpose of improving the nutritional efficiency, abiotic stress tolerance and/or quality characteristics of crops, regardless of its nutrient content. By extension, plant biostimulants also refer to commercial products containing mixtures of these substances and/or microorganisms. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) can be called biofertilisers or biostimulants; PGPR formulations are biostimulants. It can be noted that biofertilisers are included in biostimulants. Key words: Biostimulant, biofertilizer, Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), bioformulation, sustainable agriculture.

Biofertilizer

Beneficial organism

10.5897/ajar2021.15756

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Citations (10)

Azotobacter: A Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria a Biofertilizer for Wheat Crop

Journal of Biological and chemical Chronicles (2019)

Vijay Kumar Poonam Sapna Sharma Anjana Anjana Minakshi Thakur

Biofertilizer

Azotobacter

Crop Productivity

10.33980/jbcc.2019.v05i02.006

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Constrains in Biofertilizer Development and Environmental Factors Influencing its Survival in Soil: A Review

Agricultural Reviews (2022)

R. Ganesh Maneesh Kumar J Kavipriya R. Krishnamoorthy

Bio-inoculants (Biofertilizer) are an agricultural input that helps to keep the environment clean. By definition biofertilizers are efficient strains of isolated microorganisms that help plants grow in a variety of ways, both directly and indirectly. Biological nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, phosphate mobilisation, siderophore generation and phytohormone production are some of the direct methods. The majority of efficient bio-inoculants perform better in laboratory conditions but fail to achieve the same results in the field. Due to the poor performance of bio-inoculants in field conditions, biofertilizers are not widely accepted by the farming community. Soil pH, temperature and chemical residues are considered as important abiotic stress. The key soil biotic elements are native microflora, predatory organisms and virus. Some bacteria are able to live despite the stress, but the total efficacy of the applied biofertilizer is diminished. Bio-inoculants must resist a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses in the soil, depending on the circumstances. We look at the obstacles that bio-inoculants confront in terms of survival and performance in the field.

Biofertilizer

Beneficial organism

Phosphate solubilizing bacteria

10.18805/ag.r-2348

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