Laminar distribution of sources of ascending spinocerebral fiber systems in the cat spinal cord
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Keywords:
Spinothalamic tract
Medulla
Horseradish peroxidase
Medial lemniscus
Spinothalamic tract
Dorsal column nuclei
Cuneate nucleus
Lateral lemniscus
Nissl body
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1. The electroencephalograms of 5 patients having lesions in the midbrain, pons and medulla were presented. 2. One case of mesencephalopontine hemorrhage exhibited bilateral synchronous delta waves in addition to alpha activity. The former was observed mainly in the anterior and the latter in the posterior part of the head. 3. The electroencephalograms in 4 other cases of pontomedullary lesions were considered within normal limits in 3 and abnormal with sharp waves in 1. 4. The difference of findings were discussed on the viewpoint of reticular activating system and its function.
Pons
Medulla
Midbrain reticular formation
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A dense accumulation of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) positive neurons was found after bulbar HRP injections in the ipsilateral dorsal grey matter and in the intermediate zone on both sides. After thalamic injections the labelled neurons were located bilaterally in the ventral part of the intermediate zone. A conclusion is made that cells of the origin of the spinobulbar and spinothalamic tracts are located in the dorsal horn and in the intermediate zone of the spinal cord.
Horseradish peroxidase
Spinothalamic tract
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Spinothalamic tract
Forelimb
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Spinothalamic tract
Sensation
Pain sensation
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Bursting
Spinothalamic tract
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Distribution of nitroxidergic and H2S-producing neurons in the brain of the salmon Oncorhynchus masou was studied by methods of histochemical markering of NADPH-diaphorase and by immunohistochemical markering of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase and cystathionin beta-synthase (CBS). The established distribution of CBS and nNOS/NADPH-d of neurons and fibers in the salmon telencephalon, optic tectum, and cerebellum allows suggesting that the NO- and H2S-producing systems, represent individual, non-overlapping neuronal complexes performing specialized functions in the activity of local neuronal networks. In the brainstem part, the nNOS-ir and NADPH-d-positive neurons were detected in the composition of viscerosensor (V, VII, and IX-X) and visceromotor (III, IV, and VI) nuclei of craniocerebral nerves, octavolateral afferent complex, reticulospinal neurons, and medial reticular formation. CBS in the salmon medulla was revealed in neurons of the X nerve nucleus, reticulospinal neurons, and ventrolateral reticular formation. Distribution of NO-ergical and H2S-producing neurons in the salmon medulla nuclei indicates that NO in salmon is the predominant neuromodulator of medulla viscerosensory systems, while H2S seems to modulate only the descending motor systems. The results of the performed study allow suggesting that NI in the descending motor systems. The results of the performed study allow suggesting that NO in the salmon medulla periventricular area can act as a regulator of postnatal ontogenesis.
Medulla
Forebrain
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Objective
Vascular lesions of the posterolateral thalamus typically result in a somatosensory syndrome in which some patients develop central neuropathic post-stroke pain (CPSP). Damage to the spinothalamic tract terminus is assumed to be a prerequisite for thalamic CPSP. At the nuclear level, it remains a matter of debate whether the ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) or the posterior portion of the ventral medial nucleus (VMpo) constitutes the decisive lesion site. The hypothesis of the study was that lesion location in thalamic CPSP patients differs from that in thalamic stroke patients without pain, and the aim was to identify whether this difference comprises the VPL and/or the VMpo.Design
30 patients with chronic thalamic stroke and a persistent contralateral somatosensory syndrome were examined. CPSP patients (n=18) were compared with non-pain control patients. By coregistration of a digitised thalamic atlas with T1 weighted MR images, lesion clusters were allocated to the thalamic nuclei.Results
VPL was affected in both groups, but CPSP lesion clusters comprised the more posterior, inferior and lateral parts of the VPL compared with controls. Additional partial involvement of the VMpo was seen in only three pain patients. In three other pain patients, lesions involved neither the VPL nor the VMpo, but mainly affected the anterior pulvinar.Conclusion
This study specifies the role of the VPL in thalamic CPSP and shows that the posterolateratal and inferior parts in particular are critically lesioned in pain patients. In this thalamic subregion, afferents of the spinothalamic tract are known to terminate. In contrast, the data do not support a pivotal impact of the VMpo on thalamic CPSP.Spinothalamic tract
Stroke
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A sizeable number of spinothalamic tract axons terminate in the posterior thalamus. The functional roles and precise areas of termination of these axons have been a subject of recent controversy. The goals of this study were to identify spinothalamic tract neurons (STT) within the cervical enlargement that project to this area, characterize their responses to mechanical and thermal stimulation of their receptive fields, and use microantidromic tracking methods to determine the nuclei in which their axons terminate. Forty-seven neurons were antidromically activated using low-amplitude (< or =30 microA) current pulses in the contralateral posterior thalamus. The 51 points at which antidromic activation thresholds were lowest were surrounded by ineffective tracks indicating that the surrounded axons terminated within the posterior thalamus. The areas of termination were located primarily in the posterior triangular, medial geniculate, posterior and posterior intralaminar, and suprageniculate nuclei. Recording points were located in the superficial and deep dorsal horn. The mean antidromic conduction velocity was 6.4 m/s, a conduction velocity slower than that of other projections to the thalamus or hypothalamus in rats. Cutaneous receptive fields appeared to be smaller than those of neurons projecting to other areas of the thalamus or to the hypothalamus. Each of the examined neurons responded exclusively or preferentially to noxious stimuli. These findings indicate that the STT carries nociceptive information to several target nuclei within the posterior thalamus. We discuss the evidence that this projection provides nociceptive information that plays an important role in fear conditioning.
Antidromic
Spinothalamic tract
Zona incerta
Geniculate
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Horseradish peroxidase
Spinothalamic tract
Axoplasmic transport
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