Supramolecular structures via self-assembly of Aβ congeners
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MICROSYMPOSIA C124shear-induced orientation of bcc-spheres such as described bleow, at temperatures well above OOT temperature where bcc-spheres are thermodynamically stable: twined bcc-spheres with the twinning plane parallel to the shear plane, and with their <111> axes parallel to the shear direction.We shall then discuss shear-induced OOT from the oriented bcc-spheres described above to the oriented hex-cylinders, such as described below at a temperature slightly above OOT temperature where bcc-spheres are still stable thermodynamically in quiescent state: the cylinders orienting with its axis parallel to the shear direction and its {110} plane parallel to the shear plane.Abstract Amphiphilicity is one of the molecular bases for self‐assembly. By tuning the amphiphilicity of building blocks, controllable self‐assembly can be realized. This article reviews different routes for tuning amphiphilicity and discusses different possibilities for self‐assembly and disassembly in a controlled manner. In general, this includes irreversible and reversible routes. The irreversible routes concern irreversible reactions taking place on the building blocks and changing their molecular amphiphilicity. The building blocks are then able to self‐assemble to form different supramolecular structures, but cannot remain stable upon loss of amphiphilicity. Compared to the irreversible routes, the reversible routes are more attractive due to the good control over the assembly and disassembly of the supramolecular structure formed via tuning of the amphiphilicity. These routes involve reversible chemical reactions and supramolecular approaches, and different external stimuli can be used to trigger reversible changes of amphiphilicity, including light, redox, pH, and enzymes. It is anticipated that this line of research can lead to the fabrication of new functional supramolecular assemblies and materials.
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A A A A AA A A A A A A A A AA A A A A A A A A A A A AA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A AA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A AA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A AA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A AA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A AA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A AA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Sudden Death
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This chapter contains sections titled: Self-Assembly. Self-Organization Programmed Supramolecular Systems Self-Assembly of Inorganic Architectures Self-Assembly of Double-Helical and Triple-Helical Metal Complexes: The Helicates Multicomponent Self-Assembly Supramolecular Arrays of Metal Ions. Racks, Ladders, Grids Self-Assembly of Organic Supramolecular Structures Self-Assembly by Hydrogen-Bonding. Janus Molecules Molecular Recognition-Directed Assembly of Organized Phases Supramolecular Polymer Chemistry Molecular Recognition-Directed Self-Assembly of Ordered Solid-State Structures Physico-Chemical Methods of Investigation Self-Recognition. Instructed System Paradigm Supramolecular Synthesis, Assistance and Replication Supramolecular Synthesis Supramolecular Assistance to Synthesis Replication. Self-Replication Supramolecular Chirality and Self-Assembly Supramolecular Materials. Nanochemistry Chemionics
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The supramolecular oligomers play an important role because their preorganized precise structures lead to a well-defined structure–property relationship. Here, we employed an α-hemolysin nanopore as a single molecule tool to investigate the self-assembly supramolecular oligomers of bis(p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene) (bisSC4) and bis(methylviologen) (bisMV4+). The self-assembly of supramolecular oligomers could be dynamic monitored at single molecule level. The association constant between bisSC4 and bisMV4+ was calculated based on current blockage frequencies at the single molecule level. This work provides a complementary method to characterize the self-assembly oligomers with low molecular weight in solution.
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Abstract Supramolecular cages/vesicles in biology display sophisticated structures and functions by utilizing a few types of protein subunit quasi‐equivalently at distinct geometrical locations. However, synthetic supramolecular cages still lack comparable complexity to reach the high levels of functionality found in natural systems. Herein we report the self‐assembly of giant pentagonal supramolecular prisms (molecular weight >50 kDa) with tetratopic pyridinyl subunits serving different geometrical roles within the structures, and their packing into a novel superstructure with unexpected three‐fold rotational symmetry in a single two‐dimensional layer of crystalline state. The formation of these complicated structures is controlled by both the predetermined angles of the ligands and the mismatched structural tensions created from the multi‐layered geometry of the building blocks. Such a self‐assembly strategy is extensively used by viruses to increase the volume and complexity of capsids and would provide a new approach to construct highly sophisticated supramolecular architectures.
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This manuscript reports the synthesis and the self-assembly of (4-3,4,5-3,5)nG2-CH2-Boc-l-Tyr-l-Ala-OMe dendritic dipeptides (n = 12, 16). These dendritic dipeptides self-assemble both in solution and in solid states into helical porous supramolecular columns that mimic porous transmembrane proteins. These supramolecular assemblies provide also a new class of tubular supramolecular polymers.
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In the past few years, a new family of supramolecular metallodendrimers, which possess cavities with well-defined shape and size, have attracted widespread attention. Coordination-driven self-assembly has proven to be a simple and highly efficient approach for the preparation of cavity-cored supramolecular metallodendrimers. This feature article focuses on the recent progress in the construction of a variety of cavity-cored supramolecular metallodendrimers via coordination-driven self-assembly. The characterization and hierarchical self-assembly behaviour of such metallodendrimers are also discussed.
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Self-assembly is a spontaneous process by which molecules to macroscopic entities assembled into one-, two- and three-dimensional ordered array. Even though, much attention has been focused on molecular self-assembly, numerous fascinating applications of self-assembling processes can be found at nanoscale to microscale level. Well-defined ordered structures prepared through the self-assembly of colloidal nanoscale to microscale particles, provide new opportunities for optimizing, tuning and/or enhancing the properties and performance of the materials. In this review, we have provided a concise and comprehensive account of the latest research and development activities in the fabrication, properties and applications of self-assembled structures from colloidal building blocks of various metals, semiconductors, oxides and polymers. The applicability, limitations and potential of different self-assembly techniques are also discussed.
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This paper serves as an introductory review of significant and novel successes achieved in the fields of nanotechnology, particularly in the formation of nanostructures using guided molecular self-assembly methods. Self-assembly is a spontaneous process by which molecules and nanophase entities may materialize into organized aggregates or networks. Through various interactive mechanisms of self-assembly, such as electrostatics, chemistry, surface properties, and via other mediating agents, the technique proves indispensable to recent functional materials and device realizations. The discussion will extend to spontaneous and Langmuir–Blodgett formation of self-assembled monolayers on various substrates, and a number of different categories of self-assembly techniques based on the type of interaction exploited. Combinatorial techniques, known as soft lithography, of micro-contact printing and dip-pen nanolithography, which can be effectively used to up-size nanostructured molecular assemblies to submicrometer and micrometer scale patterns, will also be mentioned.
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Metallo-supramolecular self-assembly tends to be performed with single metal ions and single, highly symmetrical, ligands. This simplifies the self-assembly process as without sufficient bias within the system a mixture of products may be formed. However, with various applications of metallo-supramolecular species having been demonstrated, the ability to generate more intricate architectures is keenly sought after. The use of reduced symmetry ligands is one route to this goal, and allows access to lower-symmetry assemblies. Multiple coordination pockets can also be introduced in this manner, giving rise to assemblies with metal ions in different coordination environments, which can be exploited for the controlled synthesis of mixed-metal species. Herein we discuss the different approaches that have been used to control self-assembly with low symmetry ligands, including the use of mixed-denticity ligands, the incorporation of geometric constraints, charge separation strategies and the use of repulsive or attractive non-covalent interactions between ligands.
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