Abstract:
A proposal to deal with French tenses in the framework of Discourse Representation Theory is presented, as it has been implemented for a fragment at the IMS.It is based on the theory of tenses of H. Kamp and Ch.Rohrer.Keywords:
Anaphora (linguistics)
Fragment (logic)
Representation
It is usually assumed that anaphoric relations hold exclusively at the level of NP (where NP is the maximal projection of N). However, in order to explain various anaphora data, we are compelled to assume that anaphoric relations also hold at the level of N (where N is the second-maximal projection of N). The aim of this article is to propose and justify the ‘Inter-N Anaphora’ hypothesis. In the course of justification, we come to the generalization that NP-level anaphora is coreference and N-level anaphora is bound anaphora (in the sense of Reinhart 1983).
Anaphora (linguistics)
Coreference
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This paper describes a corpus-based investigation of anaphora in dialogues, using data from English and Portuguese face-to-face conversations. The approach relies on the manual annotation of a significant number of anaphora cases - around three thousand for each language - in order to create a database of real-life usage which ultimately aims at supporting anaphora interpreters in NLP systems. Each case of anaphora was annotated according to four properties described in the paper. The code used for the annotation is also described. Once the required number of cases had been analysed, a probabilistic model was built by linking categories in each property to form a probability tree. The results are summed up in an antecedent-likelihood theory, which elaborates on the probabilities and observed regularities of the immediate context to support anaphor resolution by selecting the most likely antecedent. The theory will be tested on a previously annotated dialogue and then fine-tuned for best performance. Automatic annotation is briefly discussed. Possible applications comprise machine translation, computer-aided language learning, and dialogue systems in general.
Anaphora (linguistics)
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Fragment (logic)
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The Handbook of Pragmatics(2004)by Horn and Ward consists of four parts.The second part Pragmatics and Discourse Structure is about a relatively unfamiliar topic.An analysis of the papers in the second part suggests that there is a discursive turn in pragmatics.This characterization can be verified by the editors' area and the related papers in the other parts.However,considering the relation between pragmatics and discourse analysis,it is perhaps more accurate to say that the recent trend in pragmatics is a return,rather than turn,to discourse.
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Fragment (logic)
Ligand efficiency
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Abstract Background Entity coreference is common in biomedical literature and it can affect text understanding systems that rely on accurate identification of named entities, such as relation extraction and automatic summarization. Coreference resolution is a foundational yet challenging natural language processing task which, if performed successfully, is likely to enhance such systems significantly. In this paper, we propose a semantically oriented, rule-based method to resolve sortal anaphora, a specific type of coreference that forms the majority of coreference instances in biomedical literature. The method addresses all entity types and relies on linguistic components of SemRep, a broad-coverage biomedical relation extraction system. It has been incorporated into SemRep, extending its core semantic interpretation capability from sentence level to discourse level. Results We evaluated our sortal anaphora resolution method in several ways. The first evaluation specifically focused on sortal anaphora relations. Our methodology achieved a F 1 score of 59.6 on the test portion of a manually annotated corpus of 320 Medline abstracts, a 4-fold improvement over the baseline method. Investigating the impact of sortal anaphora resolution on relation extraction, we found that the overall effect was positive, with 50 % of the changes involving uninformative relations being replaced by more specific and informative ones, while 35 % of the changes had no effect, and only 15 % were negative. We estimate that anaphora resolution results in changes in about 1.5 % of approximately 82 million semantic relations extracted from the entire PubMed. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that a heavily semantic approach to sortal anaphora resolution is largely effective for biomedical literature. Our evaluation and error analysis highlight some areas for further improvements, such as coordination processing and intra-sentential antecedent selection.
Coreference
Anaphora (linguistics)
Relationship extraction
Biomedical text mining
Identification
Natural language understanding
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The article refers to a Cairo Genizah fragment related to Bavli, Eruvin tractate 54a, identified as Cambridge, UL T-S F1 (1) 85. FGP Nº C 96542. The article begins with a description of the Genizah fragment, and presents the text of the printed version and finally, reference is made to the content of the fragment and several comments are brought in an effort to characterize the fragment. A reproduction of the fragment presented at the end of the article.
Fragment (logic)
Genizah
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Abstract For centuries, the lost Jewish-Christian dialogue Jason and Papiscus was known only through various quotations and summaries from Patristic sources. This changed in 2011 with the publication of a newly discovered, large fragment of Jason and Papiscus known as the Sinaiticus fragment. The current article examines the Sinaiticus fragment, compares it to the previously known remnants of Jason and Papiscus and examines the information from the fragment in relation to other texts. Several important new observations are obtained as a result. This article—for the first time—unites the Sinaiticus fragment with all of the Patristic material related to Jason and Papiscus in one appendix, with all entries newly translated by the author with updated notes. This article also contains new digital images of the Sinaiticus fragment.
Fragment (logic)
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This article introduces the linguistic subdiscipline of pragmatics and shows how this is being applied to the development of spoken dialogue systems — currently perhaps the most important applications area for computational pragmatics. It traces the history of pragmatics from its philosophical roots, and outlines some key notions of theoretical pragmatics — speech acts, illocutionary force, the cooperative principle and relevance. It then discusses the application of pragmatics to dialogue modelling, especially the development of spoken dialogue systems intended to interact with human beings in task-oriented scenarios such as providing travel information and shows how and why computational pragmatics differs from ‘linguistic’ pragmatics, and how pragmatics contributes to the computational analysis of dialogues. One major illustration of this is the application of speech act theory in the analysis and synthesis of service interactions in terms of dialogue acts.
Relevance theory
Relevance
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In this preciously unpublished 1873 fragment from Tarde's private diary, he outlines the contours of the epistemological programme which was to be further developed in his later writings. In the fragment, Tarde elaborates on the concept of difference which he relates to notions of the real and the possible. The fragment is introduced and translated by Cécile Rol.
Fragment (logic)
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