The effect of binders on structure and chemical properties of Fe-K/γ-Al2O3 catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation
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Thermogravimetric analysis
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The reason of porosity formation,effect of pressure on porosity and linking of pores in metallic porous material were studied.Several groups of samples were made on moulding press and geometrical model of porosity formation was established to explain the mechanism.The porosity of sintered samples was observed on microscope,calculated and measured.The linking of pores was proved by measured permeability.The results showed that the samples prepared have high porosity and the pores are linked with each other quite frequently.
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Hydrocarbon mixtures
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A great number of published data and our experimental results of interfacial tensions between hydrocarbon compounds and CO2 were collected and screened. Based on these experimental data, the changing laws of interfacial tensions between different kinds of hydrocarbon compounds and CO2 were obtained, interfacial tensions between different kinds of saturated chain hydrocarbons and CO2 were compared with each other, and interfacial tensions of three different binary system (monocyclic hydrocarbon compounds-CO2 system, hydrocarbon compounds monocyclic and chain structure-CO2 system and dicyclic hydrocarbon compounds-CO2 system) were compared with those of saturated chain hydrocarbon compounds-CO2 system. It is found that molecular structure is the main factor to affect the sizes of interfacial tensions between hydrocarbon compounds and CO2; when carbon numbers of different kinds of hydrocarbon compounds are equal, their proper order from big to small in interfacial tension is: polycyclic hydrocarbon, hydrocarbon monocyclic and chain structure, monocyclic hydrocarbon, saturated chain hydrocarbon. The comparison results at different pressure conditions were respectively used to establish the conversion relations in equivalent carbon number between interfacial tensions of cyclic hydrocarbon-CO2 systems and those of saturated chain hydrocarbon-CO2 systems.
Carbon chain
Chain (unit)
Aromatic hydrocarbon
Carbon fibers
Hydrocarbon mixtures
Carbon number
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Since Porosity is a basic parameter for the calculation of gas reservoir reserves,determining the porosity under the reservoir condition is the only way to enhance the precision of the calculation.Based on the measurement of the porosity changes with effective stress and the irreversibility of porosity changes with stress,this paper proposes a conceptual model of porosity change history with the confining pressure.Through the study,two methods to calculate the in-situ porosity value are set up.According to the experimental data of core samples from Jia-2 gas reservoir of Moxi Gasfield,the ratio of conventional confining porosity φ_f to core analysis porosity φ_0 is 0.846(average).The error of confining porosity φ_f with in-situ porosity φ_0 is 5.7%.The error of conventional porosity φ_0 with in-situ porosity can reach 11.5%.It is suggested that it is necessary to modify the porosity and connect it with the logging porosity to make interpretation charts for the reservoir reserve calculation.
Effective porosity
Overburden pressure
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TiC/Ni3Al conmposites with high content of TiC were fabricated by pressureless infiltration method.The effect of content of TiC on porosity of porous preforms was studied.The results show that infiltration of liquid Ni3Al into porouspreforms depended on various factors and infiltration force,especially on the properties of porous preforms.Composities of low porosity and high properties can be obtained by adjusting porosity and pore structures.Practice shows that the higher the porosity of porous preform and the larger diameter of pore in porous preforms,the lower the porosity of composites was.
Infiltration (HVAC)
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Fischer–Tropsch process
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Experimental design technique was used in this investigation to illustrate the relationship between the porosity degree as well as its morphology on the mechanical properties and the wear resistance of iron metal compacts. Two different porous iron compacts of porosities 21 and 46% were chosen for the present investigation as metal compacts of moderate porosity (10–70%). The results indicated that the 2N factorial design technique could be used in evaluating the wear resistance of the iron compacts dependent on the percentage of porosity. It has been indicated that the increase in porosity is largely affected the wear behaviour of such porous metals. However, the stress–strain relationship of these metals is largely dependent on the degree of porosity. Since the compacts poses lower porosity (21%) provides distinct stages of elastic plastic behaviour, the compacts having higher porosity (46%) exhibit identified ultimate strength point.
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Porosity generation situation was observed from surface to center in a DC slab of Al–4.4%Mg alloy. The quantities and area fractions of the porosity were measured quantitatively by using an image analysis apparatus (LUZEX). An explanation of this kind of the porosity generation mechanisms and distribution of the porosity was attempted by using a local equivalent pressure in dendritic solidification. The next conclusion was obtained, (1) The quantities of the porosity increase with decreasing the local equivalent pressure. (2) Distributions of the quantities of porosity correspond to the distribution of the area fractions in the slab, both increase to 180 mm, after that they decrease until the center (203 mm). (3) In the surface layer from surface to 60 mm, the porosity sizes are very small and almost exist between secondary dendrite arm. In the middle layer from 80 mm to 140 mm, the porosity sizes become large and the quantities of the porosity become much too. The most of the porosity exist between secondary dendrite arm and a part distributes along grain boundaries. In the center layer from 160 mm to 203 mm, the porosity sizes become more large and they exist not only between the dendrite arm but also the grain boundaries. The shapes of porosity are irregular and a typical shrinkage porosity.
Dendrite (mathematics)
Slab
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