How is metabolic syndrome related to dyslipidemia?
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Abstract:
The observation that obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes and hypertension occur simultaneously in many people was first made by Crepaldi in 1967. In the late 1970s this clustering of conditions was termed "metabolic syndrome" by German researchers. Since then the syndrome has been described under a number of guises as "Insulin resistance syndrome", "Syndrome X", "Plurimetabolic syndrome" and the "Metabolic syndrome". The syndrome is a multi-component disease brought on by combination of lifestyle and environmental factors, with some populations exhibiting a genetic susceptibility for its development.Keywords:
Dyslipidemia
The metabolic syndrome is composed of various metabolic disorders,which is associated with cardiovascular disease.Dyslipidaemia in the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents,as defined by American Academy of Pediatrics and Chinese Society of Pediatrics,is characterised by elevated triglycerides and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol as well as low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations.Good evidence confirms that dyslipidaemia in children plays a vital role in the development of adulthood disease,such as atherosclerosis and hypertension,also closely related to metabolic syndrome,insulin resistance and hyperglycemia.Here we reviewed the the role of dyslipidemia in metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents.
Key words:
Metabolic syndrome; Dyslipidemia; Cardiovascular disease; Children; Adolescents
Dyslipidemia
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Metabolic disease
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Objective To evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the adults.Method 5811 subjects (including 3806 males and 2005 females,aged 20～83 years) were enrolled in this study.Blood pressure,TG,HDL- C and blood glucose of these subjects were collected and BMI was calculated.Results The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and any component tended to increase with age.The rates of obesity and dyslipidemia were higher than hy- pertension or hyperglycemia.The prevalence of hypertension in man was higher than in women.The prevalence of hy- perglycemia in women was higher than in man.Conclusion Obesity and dyslipidemia play important roles in development of metabolic syndrome.The key way to prevent from metabolic syndrome is to reduce obesity and dyslipidemia,The prevalence of hypertension or hyperglycemia is different in man and women who are sufferers of metabolic syndrome.
Dyslipidemia
Health examination
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Abstract Psoriasis in adults is associated with an increased risk of metabolic disease. Various cardiometabolic comorbidities have been reported in childhood psoriasis, but only a few studies have analyzed the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. We performed a single-center prospective study investigating the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in children with psoriasis. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was evaluated in 60 pre-pubertal children with psoriasis (age: 3–10 years), accordingly to recently established criteria for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in children. Insulin resistance was considered altered when the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) for insulin resistance was ≥ 90th sex- and age-specific percentile and HOMA 2-IR was > 1.8. Eighteen (30%) children with psoriasis were found to have metabolic syndrome. Sixteen (27%) children were found to have insulin resistance. Conclusion : Our data underline the importance of assessing metabolic syndrome not only in adults and adolescents but also in young children with psoriasis. What is Known: • Psoriasis in adults is strongly associated with metabolic disease and insulin resistance. • Very limited data are available on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in pre-pubertal children with psoriasis . What is New: • This study reports that in pre-pubertal children with psoriasis, there is a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. • In children with psoriasis metabolic syndrome risk factors should be assessed .
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Steatosis
Hepatitis C
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Dyslipidemia
Lipid Profile
Prevalence
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The metabolic syndrome consists of a clustering of metabolic derangements that cause the affected individual to have an increased risk for developing cardiovascular disease. Dyslipidemia is an important component of the metabolic syndrome and is included in all the definitions of the metabolic syndrome published by different international committees to identify individuals with the metabolic syndrome. Atherogenic dyslipidemia in the metabolic syndrome comprises of hypertriglyceridemia, low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and a preponderance of small dense low-density lipoprotein particles. The pathogenesis of dyslipidemia in the metabolic syndrome will be reviewed and the roles of therapeutic lifestyle modification and drug therapies in the treatment of dyslipidemia will be discussed. Keywords: Metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, small dense LDL, insulin resistance
Dyslipidemia
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Dyslipidemia
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Background: Few studies have examined the effect of insulin resistance on the association between alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and metabolic syndrome. The association between ALT levels and metabolic syndrome were determined, independently of insulin resistance in Korean populations. Methods and Results: The association between ALT and metabolic syndrome were examined in 28,456 subjects who visited 7 Health Promotion Centers at University Hospitals in Korea from 2006 to 2008. HOMA-IR index was used to represent insulin resistance index. ALT levels were found to be positively associated with metabolic syndrome after adjusting for age, alcohol intake, and smoking status. Furthermore, when additional adjustment was made for insulin resistance, this association between ALT and metabolic syndrome, although slightly attenuated, remained strongly significant. Subjects in the highest ALT quartile were found to have a higher risk of having metabolic syndrome than those in the lowest quartile (odds ratio (OR)=4.45, 95% confidence interval (CI)=3.96-4.99 for men and OR=3.51, 95%CI=2.73-4.52 for women). In addition, the association between ALT level and the risk of metabolic syndrome was significantly higher in the relatively low risk group. Conclusions: ALT levels were found to be significantly associated with metabolic syndrome independently of insulin resistance and with an interaction by age. Further cohort studies are needed to determine the usefulness of ALT levels for predicting the risk of metabolic syndrome. (Circ J 2011; 75: 964-969)
Alanine aminotransferase
Alanine
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Background: The metabolic syndrome or insulin resistance syndrome is widely prevalent and multifactorial disorder. The majority of persons with metabolic syndrome have insulin resistance. Insulin resistance and / or associated hyperinsulinemia are believed to be the direct cause of other metabolic syndrome risk factors. The present work is being done to assess the insulin status and to assess the correlation between insulin status and other component of metabolic syndrome.Methods: The present work is being carried out in 112 cases of metabolic syndrome, defined as per modified NCEP ATP III (MS-4) criteria. Serum insulin of all cases was measured by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) technique.Results: It was observed that 62% of the patients of metabolic syndrome had elevated serum insulin level (Hyperinsulinemia). Hyperinsulinemia was found to be significantly associated with diastolic hypertension and HDL in males. A high association was also noted with BMI. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR >2.50) was significantly associated with waist circumference in males (p value<0.05).Conclusions: It was observed that metabolic syndrome is associated with elevated serum insulin levels and each component of metabolic syndrome, both biochemical as well as clinical, is associated with hyper-insulinemia and this reflects the presence of insulin resistance in subjects of study.
Hyperinsulinemia
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