Investigations of pulsed heat loads on a forced flow supercritical helium loop – Part A: Experimental set up
C. HoaMichel Bon-MardionP. BonnayP. CharvinJean-Noel CheynelB. LagierF. MichelLionel MonteiroJean‐Marc PoncetPascal RousselB. RoussetRoser Vallcorba-Carbonell
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The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) is a particle physics experiment for use on the International Space Station (ISS). At the heart of the detector will be a large superconducting magnet cooled to a temperature of 1.8 K by 2500 liters of superfluid helium. The magnet and cryogenic system are currently under construction by Space Cryomagnetics Ltd of Culham, England. This paper describes the cryogenic system for the magnet, designed for the unusual challenges of operating a superconducting system in space. Results from experiments demonstrating some of the new techniques and devices developed for the magnet cryogenics are also presented.
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The LHC interaction region final focus magnets will include four superconducting quadrupoles cooled with pressurized, static superfluid helium at 1.9 K. The heat absorbed in pressurized He II, which may be more than 10 Watts per meter due to dynamic heating from the particle beam halo, will be transported to saturated He II at 1.8 K and removed by the 16 mbar vapor. This paper discusses the conceptual design for the cryogenics of the interaction region final focus superconducting magnets and the integration of this magnet system into the overall LHC cryogenic system.
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Cryogenic systems usedfor cooling superconducting magnets consist of pipes, manifolds, valves, and pumps, etc. Asin practical situations the steadystate and transient response of the cryogenic systems strongly affects the behavior of the magnets, and transient conditions in the magnets also affect the cryogenic systems, in order to improve the accuracyofpredictionof the model,it is necessary tostudy the cryogenic and magnetic systems as a whole. ;In this paper, simple models of cryogenic systems for two practical experiment facilities werepresented. The simulation results are roughly consistent withexperimental results. This confirmsthe usefulness of the modelon numerical study of cryogenic systems for superconducting magnets.
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The superconducting magnet, cryogenics, and detector systems of the AMS experiment was fully integrated and tested in test beam at CERN during 2009. In Spring 2010 the experiment underwent thermal vacuum tests at ESTEC, where it was operated in conditions simulating those that will pertain in orbit. All elements of the superconducting magnet and cryogenics performed as designed, and equilibrium operation was attained at several values of vacuum case temperature. Details of the tests are presented. A thermal model of the overall cryogenic system was calibrated from those measurements. The model was used to predict the cryogenic lifetime of the experiment, as it would be staged on ISS, to be (28 ± 6) months.
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The prime requirement of the cryogenics of the magnets is to assure a superconducting state for the magnet coils, a large task considering their enormous size. The following presentation addresses the principal topics that have been considered in this cryogenic design.
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We introduce an advanced and optimized cryogenic cooling concept featuring minimum coolant inventory requirements for small high temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets based on results obtained with an experimental model. Experience gained from these experiments led to a new design that will be experimentally verified by the end of this year. Winding of the HTS magnet has already begun and will be completed shortly. New components, current status and cryogenic scope of this new engineering model are described.
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