Fatigue and anaemia in patients with chronic heart failure
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Chronic Fatigue
"Heart failure may be defined as the pathophysiologic state in which an abnormality of cardiac function is responsible for failure of the heart to pump blood at a rate commensurate with the requirements of the metabolizing tissues. Heart failure occurs as the consequence of many forms of heart disease afflicting at least 4 million Americans of all ages."1 Heart failure also occurs with the failure of compensatory mechanisms such as myocardial hypertrophy, which may accompany dilatation of the ventricular chambers. Heart failure can be divided into left and right heart failure, although if the heart failure becomes chronic then left heart failure can result in right heart failure, so that both can occur concomitantly. Heart failure may be due to failure of myocardial contraction or it may be due to an excessive hemodynamic burden. The heart will compensate for this physiologically, but also pathologically with myocyte hypertrophy with or without ventricular dilatation. The rate of onset of heart failure also will in fluence the clinical and pathological manifestations.
Hypertensive heart disease
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Congestive heart failure is associated with increased levels of several inflammatory mediators, and animal studies have shown that infusion of a number of cytokines can induce heart failure. However, several drugs with proven efficacy in heart failure have failed to affect inflammatory mediators, and anti-inflammatory therapy in heart failure patients has thus far been disappointing. Hence, to what extent heart failure is caused by or responsible for the increased inflammatory burden in the patient is still unclear. Over the past couple of decades, resynchronization therapy with a biventricular pacemaker has emerged as an effective treatment in a subset of heart failure patients, reducing both morbidity and mortality. Such treatment has also been shown to affect the inflammation associated with heart failure. In this study, we review recent data on the association between heart failure and inflammation, and in particular how resynchronization therapy can affect the inflammatory process.
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What is heart failure? what causes heart failure? the public health problem of heart failure pathophysiology of the heart failure syndrome the symptoms and signs of heart failure investigation of the patient with heart failure treatment of heart failure - diuretics treatment for heart failure - ace inhibitors treatment of heart failure - digoxin management of heart failure - non-pharmacological therapy management of concomitant problems in patients with heart failure patients who do not respond to treatment preventions of heart failure.
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Modern Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure: the General Rule. Tailoring of Neurohormonal Modulating Therapy in Chronic Heart Failure. Heart Failure in the Elderly. Heart Failure in Women. Heart Failure in Pregnancy. Heart Failure in Blacks. The Treatment of Diastolic Heart Failure. Heart Failure Due to Cardiomyopathy (Non-Ischemic, Primary Cardiomyopathy). Heart Failure in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure. Chronic Heart Failure and Coronary Artery Disease. Heart Failure and Valvular Disease. Heart Failure and Arrhythmia. Heart Failure and Peripheral Vascular Disease. Heart Failure and Depression.
Diastolic heart failure
valvular heart disease
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Congestive Heart Failure: Trends in Epidemiology and Therapy Heart Failure and Sudden Cardiac Death Resuscitation Issues in Patients with Severe Congestive Heart Failure Pulmonary Abnormalities in Congestive Heart Failure: A Therapeutic Opportunity? Exercise Gas Exchange in Heart Failure: A Brief Review Exercise Capacity and Prognosis in Congestive Heart Failure Assessment of Physical Activity in the Patient with Heart Failure Pharmacological Enhancement of the Exercise Performance of Patients with Heart Failure Evaluating Quality of Life in Congestive Heart Failure: Issues, Progress and Recommendations Social Support and Congestive Heart Failure Patients Depression in Heart Failure Patients Sexual Functioning in Congestive Heart Failure Patients Clinical Practice Guidelines for Outpatient Management of Patients with Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction
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Congestive heart failure is a serious pathological heart state which is manifested by cardiorespiratory signs and symptoms. It is present in the chronic state in many elderly people and in those with previously damaged hearts. An understanding of the pathophysiology and etiology of congestive heart failure along with the factors predisposing the elderly to congestive heart failure aids in the initial diagnosis and treatment. Management of the patient with chronic congestive heart failure and prevention of acute congestive heart failure requires very close followup and assessment of the patient for early signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure. Active involvement of the patient in the care plan along with ongoing education and counseling is essential for good management.
Etiology
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Objective To discuss the clinical effect of heart failure mixture in congestive heart failure.Methods Retrospective analysed clinical data of 30 cases patients with congestive heart failure accepted the treatment of heart failure mixture,and evaluated its efficacy.Results The original Western Medicine following the service on 21 cases of heart failure count not control,plus service with heart failure mixture,all effective;Nine cases with Western,the simple used of heart failure mixture,effective 7 cases,invalid 2 cases.Conclusion Heart failure mixture in congestive heart failure has significant clinical effect,without obvious adverse reaction.
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Congestive heart failure is one of the most common diagnoses in older women. This article reviews physiologic and pathophysiologic factors that contribute to disability in older women with normal left ejection fraction congestive heart failure; the possibility that aerobic exercise training maybe an effective means to reduce the disability experienced by these women is examined. Most literature has dealt with low-output ejection fraction congestive heart failure. Comparisons between low-output ejection fraction congestive heart failure and normal left ejection fraction congestive heart failure can help to clarify beneficial interventions. A physiologic model is proposed that includes peripheral and cardiac factors caused by heart disease, and factors caused by aging, that may account for increasing the disabling consequences and reducing exercise tolerance of older women with normal left ejection fraction congestive heart failure. The potential impact of exercise training on these factors is discussed. Directions for practice and further research are included.
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Congestive heart failure is one of the major symptoms accompanying acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The study aimed to describe the occurrence, characteristics and prognosis of congestive heart failure in AMI and to compare post-MI patients with and without congestive heart failure. The methods used included baseline characteristics, initial symptoms, electrocardiogram (ECG), mortality during hospitalization and one year follow-up in consecutive patients with AMI admitted to Sahlgrenska Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden. Congestive heart failure was observed in 51% of the cases. Patients with congestive heart failure were older, more frequently had a history of previous cardiovascular disease, and, less frequently had chest pain on admission to hospital. They had a higher occurrence of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias during initial hospitalization, and their mortality during one year follow-up was 39% as compared to 17% in patients without congestive heart failure (P<0.001). This difference remained significant when correcting for differences at baseline. Patients with severe congestive heart failure had a one year mortality of 47% vs 31% in patients with moderate congestive heart failure (P<0.01). Signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure occur in every second patient admitted to hospital due to AMI, and indicate a bad prognosis, which is directly related to the severity of congestive heart failure.
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