Potential indicators predict progress after surgical resection of gastrointestinal stromal tumors
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Mitotic index
The protective effect of glutathione (GSH) and cysteamine (MEA) on radiation-induced mitotic delay in cultured mammalian L-5 cells was studied. Cells treated with 20 mM of GSH during irradiation with 2 Gy (200 rad) showed faster recovery of the mitotic index than control cells irradiated without chemical treatment; however, GSH had no effect on mitotic delay time. Inhibition of mitosis was observed with 80, 100, and 120 mM of GSH. Cells treated with 5 mM of MEA during irradiation also showed faster recovery of the mitotic index than the controls, but in addition the delay time was shortened. Progression of G2-phase cells treated with 5-fluorouracil to mitosis after irradiation was protected by MEA but not by GSH. Progression of S-phase cells labeled with 3H-thymidine to mitosis was accelerated by both agents during irradiation.
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Thymidine
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Mitosis in root tips of Zea mays is partially synchronized by 12- or 24-hour treatments in 5AU and peaks in the mitotic index occur at about 14, 22, and 30 hours after removal of the substance. The cap initials are more sensitive to the 5AU than the meristematic parts of the stele and their mitotic index hardly reaches the normal value even at the peaks. This may be correlated with the absence of a G1phase from the normal mitotic cycle of the cap initials and with their very high normal rate of division. There is a general slight rise in the mitotic index in the quiescent centre probably the result of injury by the 5AU to the surrounding cells. Differences in the pattern of synchronization between the 12- and 24- hour-treated roots suggest that the 5AU retards the passage of the cells through the mitotic cycle as well as stopping it in the DNA-synthetic phase.
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The bulb of Allium L. was treated in solution in which there were different Ca(NO3)2 concentrations to study the effect of Ca2＋ on the mitosis and growth of bulb root of Allium L. It was shown that: the mitosis index was higher at first and then lower (200mg/L maximum) with the increase of concentrations, the mitosis index was higher with the prolong of treatment time, but 400mg/L on the contrary. The rate of abnormal nucleus cells rose with the bigger of concentrations and lowered with the prolong of treatment time. The obvious characteristic was that more chromosome disintegration appeared in all concentrations all the time. This test results indicated that the effect of Ca2＋ on the mitosis index and abnormal nucleus was different with heavy metal.
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Dynamics of the mitotic index and changes in the mitotic cycle were studied in the rat's brain subependymal cells, using autoradiography with 3H-thymidine injected 60-80 minutes before the whole body X-irradiation in doses of 50, 150 or 300 R. The "classical mitotic blocks" has been shown not be be a block of cells being in phases of the mitotic cycle; unlike, it points to the dose-dependent time of appearance of the first mitoses in cells that survived, because all the cells that had divided earlier died during mitosis. This may suggest that the post-irradiation mitotic index curve may serve a tool for counting the number of non-surviving proliferating cells. The delay in the first wave of the labeled mitosis curve dependent of the mitotic death of cells being in G2- or S-phases at the time of irradiation is discussed in addition to other peculiarities of the labeled mitosis curve.
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Interphase
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The effect of different pretreatment on mitosis of onion root tip was studied. The results showed that among the four pretreatments, the 0.2% colchicines pretreatment could increase the mitotic index vitally apparently, which was 3. 2 times of that of the control; the low-temperature pretreatment could also increase the mitotic index by 1.57 times, and it is also the primary choice in most of the teaching experiments.
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Root tip
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Summary This study evaluates the mitotic phase distribution, mitotic activity and apoptosis in 17 basal cell tumours of canine skin. The number of mitotic and apoptotic cell/mm 2 of neoplastic epithelium is counted and the volume corrected mitotic and apoptotic index, respectively, are obtained (M/V and A/V index). Transmission electron microscopy is performed on selected cases to confirm the typical features of apoptosis. The M/V index ranges from 9 to 45/mm 2 of neoplastic epithelium, while the A/V index ranges from 5 to 111/mm 2 of neoplastic epithelium. Even if the number of apoptotic cells is slightly higher than that of mitotic cells and vice versa, the mean values of the two parameters (mean M/V = 20.76 ± 10.86, mean A/V = 31.41 ± 24.53) tend to be equal. In fact, apoptotic and mitotic index are not statistically different (P = 0.11). Furthermore, in all the samples examined, an increased proportion of metaphases (46.82%) is observed. These findings suggest that the discrepancy between apparent mitotic activity and tumour growth may be mainly due to the increased duration of the entire cell cycle rather than to the high incidence of apoptosis.
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Basal (medicine)
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Summary A method has been proposed to determine the mitotic time of tissues, utilizing the effect of x-ray on cell division. The mitotic times of seven types of cells of the mouse were determined by this method. The intermitotic time was calculated from the experimentally derived mitotic time and mitotic index. Differences in the mitotic indices of tissues were found to be due primarily to variations in the intermitotic time.
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