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    Incidental Receipt of Cardiac Medications and Survival Outcomes Among Patients With Stage III Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer After Definitive Radiotherapy
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    The receipt management is an important content of university' s financial control,the college must strengthen and improve receipt management correlation system,practically strengthen the training,establish sound receipt management by safeguards the financial control with the monitoring system the health movement.
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    Background Although most people with relapsing onset multiple sclerosis (R-MS) eventually transition to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS), little is known about disability progression in SPMS. Methods All R-MS patients in the Cardiff MS registry were included. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine a) hazard of converting to SPMS and b) hazard of attaining EDSS 6.0 and 8.0 in SPMS. Results 1611 R-MS patients were included. Older age at MS onset (hazard ratio [HR] 1.02, 95%CI 1.01–1.03), male sex (HR 1.71, 95%CI 1.41–2.08), and residual disability after onset (HR 1.38, 95%CI 1.11–1.71) were asso- ciated with increased hazard of SPMS. Male sex (EDSS 6.0 HR 1.41 [1.04–1.90], EDSS 8.0 HR 1.75 [1.14–2.69]) and higher EDSS at SPMS onset (EDSS 6.0 HR 1.31 [1.17–1.46]; EDSS 8.0 HR 1.38 [1.19–1.61]) were associated with increased hazard of reaching disability milestones, while older age at SPMS was associated with a lower hazard of progression (EDSS 6.0 HR 0.94 [0.92–0.96]; EDSS 8.0: HR 0.92 [0.90–0.95]). Conclusions Different factors are associated with hazard of SPMS compared to hazard of disability progres- sion after SPMS onset. These data may be used to plan services, and provide a baseline for comparison for future interventional studies and has relevance for new treatments for SPMS RobertsonNP@cardiff.ac.uk
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    Using a unique set of questions in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 provides some direct evidence on the mechanism through which union coverage increases WC receipt. Delineating the effects of unions on the decision to apply and the receipt of WC benefits reveals that unions substantially increase the probability of applying conditional on injury, but decrease the probability of receipt conditional on applying.
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    Summary We study the reasons for differences in welfare benefit receipt between immigrants and natives in 16 EU countries using Oaxaca‐Blinder decompositions of a Heckman model. Differences in welfare benefit receipt diminish or disappear altogether after controlling for differences in characteristics of the two groups. The largest part of this is explained by differences in benefit take‐up rather than benefit levels conditional on benefit receipt. The characteristics contributing most to native–immigrant welfare wedges in contributory benefits are differences in age. For non‐contributory benefits, differences in household size and composition are most important. Overall results thus suggest a limited capability of selective immigration policies to reduce welfare benefit receipt among immigrants.
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    The hazard ratio and median survival time are the routine indicators in survival analysis. We briefly introduced the relationship between hazard ratio and median survival time and the role of proportional hazard assumption. We compared 110 pairs of hazard ratio and median survival time ratio in 58 articles and demonstrated the reasons for the difference by examples. The results showed that the hazard ratio estimated by the Cox regression model is unreasonable and not equivalent to median survival time ratio when the proportional hazard assumption is not met. Therefore, before performing the Cox regression model, the proportional hazard assumption should be tested first. If proportional hazard assumption is met, Cox regression model can be used; if proportional hazard assumption is not met, restricted mean survival times is suggested.风险比(hazard ratio,HR)和中位生存时间是生存分析时的常规分析和报告指标。本文简要介绍了HR和中位生存时间的关系以及比例风险假定在这两者之间的作用,分析了检索出的58篇文献中的110对风险比和中位生存时间比的差异,并通过实例阐明了产生这种差异的原因。结果表明,在不满足比例风险假定时,Cox回归模型计算得到的风险比是不合理的,且与中位生存时间之比不等价。因此,在使用Cox回归模型前,应先进行比例风险假定的检验,只有符合比例风险假定时才能使用该模型;当不符合比例风险假定时,建议使用限制性平均生存时间。.
    Background The present study was aimed to investigate the usage of aspirin for the secondary prevention of ischemic stroke, evaluate the correlated factors, and analyze the reasons for not taking and irregularly taking aspirin. Methods The patients in this group were all stroke survivors who have formerly been diagnosed with a cerebral infarction or transient ischemic attack (TIA) in our hospital. We investigated their use of aspirin over a three-year period following their hospitalization. According to the patients' aspirin usage, they were divided into treatment and non-treatment groups. In addition, the reasons for not taking or irregularly taking aspirin were analyzed in the two groups. Results A total of 1240 patients were studied, including 367 (29.60%) in the treatment group and 873 (70.40%) cases in the non-treatment group. In addition, 201 (16.20%) cases in the treatment group had been regularly taking aspirin (50-325 mg of aspirin daily) for 1 to 3 years or longer. The results demonstrated that the main reasons for not taking aspirin in this study were related to patients' concerns regarding the side effects of taking aspirin (46.45%), as well as the doctors' inadequacy in informing their patients to take aspirin (38.71%). The major reasons for patients to irregularly take aspirin were that the doctors did not notify the length of aspirin usage to their patients (41.57%), and that doctors did not prescribe aspirin upon the patients' follow-up visit (26.51%). Conclusion The most effective way to increase patient's compliance for aspirin consumption is to promote the guidelines for stroke treatment and to relay these advances in stroke therapy to the patient.
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    This article expatiates the importance of setting up the financial receipt and expenditure examining and approving system, analyzes deeply the corrupt practice existing in the present receipt and expenditure system, then puts forward the conceive of setting up several pens receipt and expenditure examining and approving system.
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    Little is known about the contribution of over-the-counter (OTC) aspirin to cardiovascular prophylaxis. To investigate this, a two-phase cross-sectional study was carried out in nine general practices in North Staffordshire. In the first phase, all patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) were identified from computer searches using morbidity registers and drug searches. The search also identfied the subgroup receiving prescribed prophylactic aspirin. In the second phase, a questionnaire was posted to all patients with CVD who were not on prescribed aspirin to establish their current use of OTC aspirin. Overall, 69% of the CVD group used aspirin, with 26% of aspirin being OTC. OTC aspirin use was more common in those aged under 65 years, men, and the more affluent. Also, there were significant differences in OTC aspirin use between the various practices. This study shows that a considerable amount of aspirin is used OTC in those with CVD. Its use is influenced by several factors that could be addressed when considering attempts to improve the overall uptake of aspirin.
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    Using a unique set of questions in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 provides some direct evidence on the mechanism through which union coverage increases WC receipt. Delineating the effects of unions on the decision to apply and the receipt of WC benefits reveals that unions substantially increase the probability of applying conditional on injury, but decrease the probability of receipt conditional on applying.
    Receipt
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