Pathophysiological response of cytokines and vasoactive agents in patients undergoing total gastrectomy
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To investigate the involvement of vasoactive agents, endothelin (ET)-1, and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and the responses of cytokines in patients undergoing total gastrectomy.Prospective study.University hospital, Japan.20 patients with advanced gastric cancer who had undergone total gastrectomy with lymph node dissection.Serum or plasma samples collected on the day before the operation, at the time of skin closure, and on postoperative days 1, 3, 5, and 7.Concentrations of acute phase reactants, cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-6), and vasoactive agents (ET-1 and ANP).There were significant increases in concentrations of IL-6 and acute phase reactants postoperatively. ET-1 and ANP concentrations did not change significantly.There was no correlation between concentrations of the vasoactive agents ET-1 and ANP, and those of acute phase reactants or cytokines in serum or plasma in patients undergoing total gastrectomy.Keywords:
Pathophysiology
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Atrial natriuretic peptide
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The conformation of various regions of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) has been analyzed by semiempirical methods, CD, and NMR spectroscopy, indicating that residues 11-21 are most likely to be helical, whereas the amino-terminal portion VIP(1-11) could exhibit two beta-turn structures. VIP(1-11) inhibits 125I-VIP binding to intact guinea pig tracheal epithelial cells and the VIP-induced smooth muscle response. However, the endecapeptide exhibits no effect on the muscle tone. All these data suggest that VIP(1-11) may be a useful tool in studying VIP receptor recognition, its regulation, and cellular functions.
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The localization of the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) has been studied with immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoanalysis. VIP immunoreactivity is present in gastrointestinal nerves, which constitute a quantitatively important nerve population that may be intrinsic to the gut wall. VIP-immunoreactive neurons are also found within the ventromedial hypothalamus and give off processes that travel latteral to the third ventricle. Results of radioimmunoanalysis strongly indicate that the immunoreactive material represents true VIP. Thus VIP, at present a gastrointestinal hormone candidate, appears to represent a new neuronal peptide occurring in both the central and peripheral nervous system.
Peripheral Nervous System
Enteric Nervous System
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Gastrointestinal hormone
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Vasoactive intestinal peptide, at different concentrations, was tested on the migration of leucocytes by using the sealed capillary migration test. Vasoactive intestinal peptide, at 10 ‐7 –10 ‐9 M, inhibited, while at 10 ‐12 –10 ‐14 M, stimulated mononuclear leucocyte migration. The migration of polymorphonuclear leucocytes was inhibited by vasoactive intestinal peptide at 10 ‐6 –10 ‐9 M, a stimulation was found at 10 ‐13 –10 ‐14 M. The inhibiting effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide on leucocyte migration was abolished when vasoactive intestinal peptide was split into C‐ and N‐terminal fragments, while a stimulating effect was retained in the N‐terminal fragment, at 10 ‐14 M, for mononuclear cells. Helodermin and peptide T, as well as two other members of the secretin‐glucagon family, secretin and gastric inhibitory peptide, had no effect on the migration. When VIP antiserum was tested, it had an inhibiting effect, which was not seen with control serum, supporting a physiological effect of the lower vasoactive intestinal peptide concentrations. Vasoactive intestinal peptide seems to have dual effects on mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leucocyte migration and, generally, intact vasoactive intestinal peptide seems to be needed for these effects.
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본 연구는 신경 peptide 중 식욕감소 기능에 관여한다고 알려진 vasoactive intestinal peptide의 식욕조절 기전을 관찰하기 위해 시도되었다. 연구방법으로는 환경적으로 24시간 절식시킨 생쥐와 유적적으로 식욕부진증을 가지고 태어난 생쥐의 시상하부에서 vasoactive intestinal peptide의 발현양 상을 조직수준의 관찰인 면역조직화학법과 분자생물학적 수준에서의 관찰인 역전사연쇄중합반응(RT-PCR)과 dot-blotting을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 조직학적 수준에서의 관찰인 면역조직화학법에 의한 vasoactive intestinal peptide의 발현정도는 절식군의 경우, SCN 영역에서 발현정도가 낮았고 PVN 영역에서는 높게 나타났다. 식욕부진 돌연변이군의 경우도 SCN 영역에서 발현정도가 낮았고 PVN 영역에서는 발현정도가 높게 나타났다. 분자생물학적 방법인 RT-PCR과 dot-blotting으로 전체 시상하부의 vasoactive intestinal peptide mRNA를 측정한 결과, 절식군은 대조군과 비슷하였고 식욕부진 돌연변이군에서 vasoactive intestinal peptide mRNA 발현은 현저하게 증가됨을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이상의 실험결과로 미루어 보아, vasoactive intestinal peptide에 의한 식욕조절은 절식이라는 식이조절보다는 유전적 소인을 지닌 식욕부진 돌연변이 생쥐의 식욕감소 조절에 더욱 민감하게 반응한 것으로 사료된다.
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Sleep
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Vasoactive
Tissue transglutaminase
Pathogenesis
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