Salinity tolerance of Arabidopsis: a good model for cereals?
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Vetiver is one of the essential oil-producing plants, commonly called vetiver oil. With a deep, broad, and thick root system, the species is characteristically well-adapted to various environmental stresses, including salinity. The presented study strived to evaluate several vetiver ecotypes under diverse salinity stress conditions and identify the best with enhanced salinity tolerance. The said study continued in a completely randomized design (CRD) with factorial arrangement and two factors. The first factor was salinity stress comprising six varying levels, i.e., control (without salinity) and saline soils with 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 dsm-1. The second factor consisted of three vetiver ecotypes: Bogor, Bojonegoro, and Padang. The results revealed that salinity stress levels, ecotypes, and their interactions significantly affected the growth, physiological, and oil yield traits, such as plant height, leaf area, number of tillers, chlorophyll a and b, root length and volume, and oil yield. Salinity stress at 16 dsm-1 significantly impacted plant growth but enhanced chlorophyll a and b content. The ecotype Bojonegoro had better canopy growth, while the ecotype Padang had better root growth, resulting in higher oil production compared with the ecotype Bojonegoro. The ecotype Bojonegoro with 16 dsm-1 salinity stress significantly increased chlorophyll a and b content, and the ecotype Padang showed the highest oil production without salinity stress compared with salinity stress conditions.
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Completely randomized design
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Two Arabidopsis mutants atmyb123 and atkor1 were identified from the T-DNA insertion knockout mutant lines SAIL_005260 and SAIL_2_G11,respectively,and then a double mutant atmyb123/atkor1 was established by crossing method.The two mutants are lacking expression for ATMYB123 and ATKOR1 genes,respectively,which two were found to be tightly related to root development in Arabidopsis thaliana.The results obtained here showed that lack of ATMYB123 gene in expression led to a slow growth of plant rosettes and a yellow skin of seeds in Arabidopsis,while lack of ATKOR1 gene in expression had no marked effects on these two factors.Any one of the two genes ATMYB123 and ATKOR1 knockout extremely repressed the root development in Arabidopsis,especially the knockout of ATKOR1 gene,the mutant atkor1 showed only one third of length of roots as compared to wild type(WT).Interestingly,the double mutant atmyb123/atkor1 exhibited the characteristics of the single mutant atmyb123 has in plant rosette morphology and seed skins but presented intermediated root length between the two single mutants.In addition,the growth trend of roots among the three mutants had no fundamental changes when the plants were cultivated under different pH,NaCl treatments and GA concentration conditions,which imply that these three factors were not concerned in the root shortening event induced by lack of any one of ATMYB123 or/and ATKOR1 proteins in A.thaliana.These results suggest that both ATMYB123 and ATKOR1 genes participate in the root development of Arabidopsis and a specific relationship in functions exist between the two proteins,ATMYB123 and ATKOR1.The transcription factor ATMYB123 might act as a major regulator of ATKOR1 protein for participating the control of root development in Arabidopsis.
Rosette (schizont appearance)
Wild type
Gene knockout
Root hair
Lateral root
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尽管高活动性组 B (HMGB ) 蛋白质被识别了从许多在对改变环境条件的植物回答的植物种类，他们的重要性和功能的角色大部分是未知的。这里，我们调查了在对环境刺激的植物回答从黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.) 孤立的 CsHMGB 的功能的角色。在正常生长条件下面或当使遭到了到冷应力时，在植物生长的差别都没在表示 CsHMGB 上在野类型、转基因的 Arabidopsis thaliana 之间被发现。由对比，当在高盐或脱水压力条件下面成长时，转基因的 Arabidopsis 植物与野类型的植物相比显示了延迟的萌芽。转基因的植物的萌芽被 abscisic 酸(骆驼毛的织物) 的增加推迟，暗示 CsHMGB 影响通过一个骆驼毛的织物依赖者方法的萌芽。CsHMGB 的表示影响了仅仅萌芽阶段，并且 CsHMGB 没在压力条件下面影响转基因的植物的幼苗生长。几萌芽应答的基因的抄本层次被 CsHMGB 的表示在 Arabidopsis 调制。总起来说，这些结果建议在 Arabidopsis 的 CsHMGB 的那宫外的表情调制几萌芽应答的基因的表示，并且从而在不同压力条件下面影响 Arabidopsis 植物的萌芽。
Cucumis
Drought stress
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Salinity is an important environmental constraint to crop productivity in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. The evaluation of the responses to salinity of different Arabidopsis ecotypes or transgenic lines is important to identify and investigate the role of different key genes. These new characterized genes involved in the response to salinity stress are of great interest to be incorporated in crops breeding programs. Here we provide a reproducible method to evaluate the performance of Arabidopsis lines to salinity stress by analysing primary and lateral root growth and fresh weight of plants grown under in vitro conditions in growth chambers. Even though NaCl is the most frequent used salinity tests, other salts (e.g. KCl, MgCl2) can be also evaluated by this method. Arabidopsis plants can be maintained for 15-20 days in these conditions, although effects on growth and biomass can be observed, depending on the used salt and concentration, within the first 10 days.
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Research Article: The effects of aluminum toxicity on the protein expression of Arabidopsis thaliana
Wild type and mutant Arabidopsis thaliana plants were used to investigate the protein expression of plants exposed to elevated concentrations of aluminum. Plants were grown in a growth chamber at 25°C, 16-hour day, and 8-hour dark for eight weeks before subjecting them to different concentrations of AlCl3 solution. Time course experiments showed that Arabidopsis plants respond to aluminum toxicity by altering their protein expression. Our data indicate that aluminum toxicity caused Arabidopsis plants to express a protein in the range of 97 kD, and a medium-molecular weight protein in the range of 45 kD. Our data also indicate that responses by Arabidopsis plants to Al toxicity are not similar to responses to stresses that cause the induction of HSP70.
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Abstract: Polyclonal antisera against a fusion protein of β‐galactosidase and the 20 C‐terminal amino acids of the Arabidopsis thaliana sucrose carrier AtSUC2 were used to determine the cellular localization of the AtSUC2 protein. Using fluorescence‐labelling on sections from different organs of Arabidopsis the AtSUC2 protein was immunolocalized exclusively in companion cells. The presented data indicate that phloem loading in Arabidopsis may be catalyzed by the AtSUC2 sucrose carrier which transports sucrose into the companion cells. No evidence for a participation of the second Arabidopsis sucrose transporter AtSUC1 has been obtained.
Polyclonal antibodies
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Ozet. Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis)’nin kromozom sayisinin az olmasi, bu bitkinin genetik yapisinin diger bitki turlerine gore daha kolay calisilmasina olanak saglamakta, ayrica diger bitkilerde patojenlere karsi gozlenen ana savunma mekanizmalari bu bitkide de bulunmaktadir. Bu acidan, konukcu bitkilerin patojen saldirilarina karsi savunma mekanizmalarini calisma konusunda Arabidopsis bitkisi ideal bir model sistem olusturmaktadir. Bu derlemenin amaci, patojenlere karsi bitki savunma mekanizmasinin genetigini anlamada Arabidopsis’in bir sablon olarak nasil kullanildigini, bitki ekotiplerinin patojen izolatlarina karsi gosterdigi farkliliklari (duyarlilik ve dayaniklilik) ortaya koyacak inceleme metodlarini aciklamaktadir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Arabidopsis thaliana, Peronospora parasitica, hastaliklara dayaniklilik, mutant bitkiler A Model Plant In Host-Pathogen Interaction: Arabidopsis thaliana Abstract. Because of its small genome, genetic studies are performed easier in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) compared to other plants and it exhibits all of the major kinds of defense responses described in other plants. Thus, Arabidopsis provides to be an ideal model system for studies of host defense responses to pathogen attack. This review details methods to isolate and utilize phytopathogens useful as probes in understanding the genetics of plant defense responses in Arabidopsis. As well, it will be defined how screening systems can be set up to detirmine differential responses (resistance and susceptibility) of Arabidopsis ecotypes to pathogen isolates. Key Words: Arabidopsis thaliana, Peronospora parasitica, disease resistance, mutant plants
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The article presents a study on the mutual influence of mutant genes in productivity of Arabidopsis plant ( Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.), in different growing models of plant communities. It is shown that under the joint cultivation of five genetically pure lines of Arabidopsis is occurring mutual inhibition and aid, which leads decreasing or increasing of seed production plants.
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This article provides experimental data describing the RNA and the cell wall protein profiles of rosettes and flower stems of five Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes. Four newly-described Pyrenees ecotypes [1] are analyzed in addition to the well-described and sequenced Columbia (Col) ecotype of A. thaliana. All five ecotypes have been grown at two different temperatures, 22 °C and 15 °C. We provide transcriptomics and cell wall proteomics data regarding (i) rosettes at the bolting stage, and (ii) floral stems at the first flower stage. These data are a valuable resource to study the adaptation of A. thaliana ecotypes to sub-optimal temperature growth conditions.
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Bolting
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[Objective]The aim was to study the action mode of high mobility group B(HMGB)proteins of higher eukaryotic cells in the transcriptional regulation of plant stress responses.[Method]The At2G33450 gene encoding AT2G34450 protein in Arabidopsis thaliana was cloned.Then,binary vectors carrying the gene were transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana and the over-expression strains were selected to detect the influences of environmental stimuli on transgenic Arabidopsis.[Result]Under salt or drought stress,the transgenic Arabidopsis plants which over-expressed At2G33450 displayed retarded germination and subsequent growth compared with wild-type plants.[Conclusion]At2G33450 protein of HMGB protein family played an important role in the growth and development of Arabidopsis plants under various stress conditions.
Heterologous expression
Heterologous
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