Lysine requirement of 1.5–5.5 kg pigs fed liquid diets
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An experiment was conducted to define the lysine requirement of neonatal pigs fed a liquid diet up to 5.5 kg bodyweight (BW). Neonatal pigs, 1–2 days old, with an initial bodyweight of 1.63 ± 0.04 kg, were randomly allotted to 10 isocaloric diets varying in lysine concentration from 0.76 to 1.62 g lysine/MJ gross energy (GE). Diets were formulated using whey protein concentrate and casein as protein sources and contained similar balance of indispensable amino acids. On day 1 of the experiment, pigs were fed 350 g liquid diet/kg metabolic bodyweight (BW0.75) according to the average BW of all pigs. On day 2, feeding rate was increased to 400 g/kg BW0.75. Increments were 100 g/kg BW0.75 per day for the subsequent 3 days until pigs reached 700 g/kg BW0.75 on day 5. Thereafter, feed was offered to pigs at a common feeding level of 700 g/kg BW0.75 each day until they reached 5.5 kg BW. Feed intake and BW were measured daily. Concentration of fat in the carcass decreased (P < 0.05) and the ratio of crude protein (CP) to fat in the carcass increased (P < 0.05) linearly as lysine inclusion increased. Both average daily gain and CP accretion increased (quadratic, P < 0.05), whereas fat accretion decreased (quadratic, P < 0.05) as lysine inclusion increased. Using the maximum point of the quadratic function, the estimated dietary lysine required for maximal growth (271 g/day) and CP accretion (45.2 g/day) was 1.41 and 1.32 g lysine/MJ GE, respectively. The dietary lysine required, estimating the requirement at the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval for CP accretion of 42.9 g/day, was 1.12 g lysine/MJ GE. Gross efficiency of CP deposition (CP deposition/CP intake) achieved a maximum of 0.85 at 1.01 g lysine/MJ GE.Cite
When a food is processed or stored, amino acids can react with a number of chemical entities to produce new compounds that are often nutritionally unavailable to the consumer. During acid hydrolysis used in amino acid analysis, some of these compounds revert back to the parent amino acid, leading to errors in estimates of both the amino acid content of foods and amino acid digestibility. This is a particular concern for the amino acid lysine in damaged food proteins. Chemical assays have thus been developed to allow determination of unaltered or reactive lysine. However, there is evidence that, in damaged food proteins, not all of the reactive lysine is released during digestion and absorbed. The development and application of an assay for absorbed (ileal digestible) reactive lysine is discussed.
Amino Acid Analysis
Digestion
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Cationic polymerization
Catabolism
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Complete protein
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Limiting
Amino acid synthesis
Essential amino acid
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The amino acid requirement has been investigated by many laboratories since 1931. Authors considered that the requirement was influenced by the protein level of the basal diet and also by the experimental method. In light of those earlier studies, the present study investigated the effect on lysine and methionine requirements by modifying total nitrogen level or essential amino acid level. The result of our study confirmed that when the amino acid requirement for maximum growth was expressed as the dietary percentage, amino acid to total amino acid ratio, and amino acid to total nitrogen ratio, the requirement had changed according to not only essential amino acids but also to nonessential amino acids. Furthermore, we investigated the relationship between amino acid intake and body protein gain, and found that 6.2 mg lysine and 9.0 mg methionine were required for the maintenance of a rat weighing 80 g and 71.6 mg of lysine and 48.8 mg of methionine were required for one gram of body protein gain. The lysine and methionine intakes required for one gram of protein gain were equivalent to 100% and 124% of amino acid contents of body protein, respectively.
Essential amino acid
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Nitrogen balance
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Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
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Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
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Abstract Die N‐geschützten Aminosäuren (I) reagieren mit den Alkoholen (II) unter Benzotriazol‐ und CO 2 ‐Abspaltung zu den Estern (III) (Isolierung z.T. als Hydrochloride), wobei es sich bei (Ib) und (Ie) um α‐Monoester handelt.
Hydrochloride
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