Simultaneous determination of jasmonic acid epimers as phytohormones by chiral liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and their epimerization study
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Jasmonic acid
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자스몬산 (jasmonic acid)과 자스몬산의 메틸화된 형태인 메틸자스몬산 (methyljasmonic acid)은 여러 환경적 스트레스에 반응하는 신호전달 체계에 있는 물질이다. 본 실험에서는 애기장대에서 보고되어 있는 자스몬산 메틸화효소 (jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferase)를 암호화 하는 AtJMT의 단자엽 식물체 내에서...
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【Objective】 The objective of this investigation was to study whether exogenous jasmonic acid treatment to the aboveground(or underground) could systemically affect the defense response of underground(or aboveground) in corn,and to find out whether the effect of defense response was related with the signal transduction of jasmonic acid.【Method】 Both chemical analysis and gene expression analysis were employed to study the role of jasmonic acid on the induced defense response of aboveground and underground in corn cultivar Gaoyou 115 by comparative studies prior to using the inhibitor salicylhydroxamic acid(SHAM) in jasmonic acid signaling pathway.【Result】 The results showed that exogenous jasmonic acid applied to the aboveground of corn could systemically affect the content of defense chemicals and the expression of defense-related genes of underground,and vice versa.Jasmonic acid treatment to either aboveground or underground could result in much more obvious defense response in the leaves as compared to the roots,while jasmonic acid treatment to the aboveground could lead to much stronger induction in the same parts of corn than to the underground.Through activating the synthesis of jasmonic acid itself,aboveground application of jasmonia acid could induce the expression of Bx1,Bx9,PAL,PR-1,MPI,FPS and TPS genes,increase DIMBOA content and decrease caffeic acid content in leaves;on the other hand,the systematic induction of gene expression of Bx6,Bx9、PAL and PR-2a,increase of contents of coumaric acid and caffeic acid,and decrease of syringic acid content in the roots were related with the activating of jasmonic acid synthesis in the aboveground.Likewise,after the underground of corn was treated with jasmonic acid,the induced expression of Bx6,PR-2a and MPI genes as well as the decrease of total phenolics in the roots were achieved through activating the synthesis of jasmonic acid itself;while the indirect induction of expression of Bx6,Bx9,PAL,FPS and TPS genes as well as the increase in the contents of DIMBOA,coumaric acid,caffeic acid,and syringic acid in the leaves were related with the activating of jasmonic acid synthesis in the underground.【Conclusion】 These findings indicate that exogenous jamonic acid application to the aboveground can systematically affect the defense response in the underground of corn,and vice versa.Leaves show much stronger induced defense to jasmonic acid application than roots.Application of jasmonic acid to the aboveground of corn has stronger induction than to the underground.The effects of jasmonic acid treatment to aboveground or underground on the defense response in treated parts of corn are acquired mainly by activating the synthesis of corn internal jasmonic acid,and the effects on the defense response in non-treated parts are related with the activating of jasmonic acid synthesis in the treated parts.
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Jasmonic acid is found in most plants,and is an important signal molecule in plant defense response.In this paper,combined on the current research,the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid,the jasmonic acid-induced direct and indirect defense responses,as well as the role of exogenous jasmonic acid on pests control were overviewed and summarized,and the future prospects of jasmonate was also analyzed.
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Phytohormones are not only instrumental in regulating developmental processes in plants but also play important roles for the plant's responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In particular, abscisic acid, ethylene, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid have been shown to possess crucial functions in mediating or orchestrating stress responses in plants. Here, we review the role of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid in pathogen defence responses with special emphasis on their function in the solanaceous plant potato.
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A new and rapid microwave assisted derivatization method for the determination of fatty acids in edible oil by GC MS was developed. The optimum conditions for derivatization, such as the derivatization solvent composition, microwave assisted derivatization pressure and time were studied for KOH methanol and H 2SO 4 methanol systems. The experimental results were compared with those obtained by traditional method of normal temperature derivatization .The applied range of the two derivatization systems was also discussed in detail. The derivatization was accomplished in 1 minute. Heptane was used as extraction solvent. The method is rapid, efficient, accurate and solvent saving.
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As an important plant endogenous hormone, jasmonic acids are widely involved in many biological processes, such as regulating plant growth and development, defense response, flowering time. Moreover, many studies have shown that JAs regulates fruit quality and metabolite content. This paper summarized the effects of jasmonic acid signal on stress response, flowering time regulation, floral organ development, color quality and metabolic components of plants, expounded the latest research progress of jasmonic acid signal in plants, especially in woody plants. We proposed that the study of jasmonic acid signaling should be biased towards economic plants, expanding screening of interaction factors, taking the differences of different genotypes and multiple biological pathways into account in order to fully reveal the diversity of jasmonate signal regulation pathway and the complexity of transduction mechanism, and explore its potential function in forest.
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The biosynthetic pathway of jasmonic acid and the expression situations of each enzyme in the synthesis process in the senescence process were introduced at first.Then the research progresses on the correlation between jasmonic acid and the senescence hormones of ethene and abscisic acid in the signal transduction pathway,the promotion of jasmonic acid on the leaf senescence and its inhibition to the photosynthesis of plants,the activation of the senescence gene SAGs by jasmonic acid and so on were sum up.
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The main stages and inductors of biosynthesis of jasmonic acid and its derivatives, peculiarities of their content depending on the type of tissue, organ, plant age, mechanical irritation, injury and the impact of pathogens are considered. Data about use of mutant and transgenic plants with disturbed biosynthesis and perception of jasmonic acid for research ofjasmonate value in the induction of defense reactions are presented. Enzymes that are involved in the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid, synergistic (with abscisic acid, ethylene) and antagonistic (with salicylic acid) action of jasmonic acid with other phytohormones are described. There are data on the induction of jasmonic acid defense reactions in plants by the activation of genes encoding the synthesis ofthionins, extensins, phytoalexins and phenolic compounds. It is stressed that the ways of signal transmission for defense reactions induction are largely unknown and require further study.
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