Effects of Hanging Ratio on Gill Net Selectivity for Annular Sea Bream (Diplodus annularis) in the Northern Aegean Sea, Turkey
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Fish by-catch from coastal small-scale shrimp trammel net fishery was estimated from fishery-dependent surveys in Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea), Turkey, during the 2004 and 2005 fishing seasons. Sampling data were obtained from 170 observations onboard 18 commercial fishing vessels. Fifty-two species belonging to 31 families of fish, including cephalopods, constituted the by-catch. Diplodus annularis was the most abundant by-catch species followed by Loligo vulgaris > Sepia officinalis > Mullus barbatus > Boops boops > and Solea vulgaris. The estimated total ratio of fish by-catch to shrimp was 1 : 1.09 kg.
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Overfishing
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A single specimen white seabream, Diplodus sargus (Linnaeus, 1758), was recorded on 11 November 2019 from the coast of Konacık (Arsuz) in the Iskenderun Bay (North-eastern Mediterranean, Turkey). This specimen was identified as a specimen of Diplodus sargus. Known as Xanthochromism, abnormal skin coloration is an unusually yellow pigmentation in fishes. It is often associated with the lack of usual red pigmentation and its replacement with yellow. The present paper reported the first occurrence of the xanthochromic specimen of Diplodus sargus from Turkey's Mediterranean coast.
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White (mutation)
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The reproductive features of four commercially important species of the Diplodus genus were studied in the Gulf of Tunis to contribute to better fisheries management on the local scale. The study was specifically aimed to estimate sex-ratio and size at first maturity, to determine spawning season, to analyse hepatic and muscular energy reserve changes and to highlight possible regional difference over the Diplodus geographical distribution. A total of 570 Diplodus vulgaris (two-banded seabream), 428 Diplodus annularis (annular seabream), 350 Diplodus sargus sargus (white seabream) and 218 Diplodus puntazzo (sharpsnout seabream) were collected from the commercial catches of the artisanal fleet between October 2004 and June 2006. Male:female ratio was initially skewed in favour of females for the four Diplodus species and especially among larger-sized individuals. Length and age at first maturity was 17.4 ± 0.2 cm total length (TL) (4 years) for D. vulgaris , 9.7 cm TL (2 years) for D. annularis , 21.0 ± 0.3 cm TL (4 years) for D. s. sargus , 21.5 ± 0.2 cm TL (3 years) for D. puntazzo and a recommendation is made for the increasing of the captured length. According to the monthly succession of gonad maturity stages and the yearly gonadosomatic index (GSI) fluctuation, the spawning season of Diplodus species present a temporal succession along the year. The two-banded seabream has a winter spawning period, the white seabream is mainly a spring spawner, the annular seabream spawns essentially in summer months and the spawning of sharpsnout seabream takes place in autumn. Generally, hepatosomatic index presented an inverse trend to GSI in relation to the breeding activity. The condition factor showed significant monthly variations affected by the sexual cycle of the Diplodus species.
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