An assessment of adhesion, aggregation and surface charges of Lactobacillus strains derived from the human oral cavity
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There is limited information concerning the adhesion and aggregation of human oral lactobacilli. In this study, the adhesion of 10 Lactobacillus species was investigated using H357 oral keratinocyte cells as an in vitro model for oral mucosa. Coaggregation with the representative oral pathogen, Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, and the physicochemical cell properties was also evaluated. The results demonstrated significant variations in adhesion (42–96%) and aggregation (autoaggregation, 14–95%; coaggregation, 19–65%). All strains showed a high affinity for chloroform, and most strains had a moderate‐to‐high hydrophobicity. All strains, except Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus gasseri, showed a moderate affinity for ethyl acetate. There was a strong association of autoaggregation with coaggregation (rs = 0·883, P <0·001). The highest mean for autoaggregation (74%) and coaggregation (47%) belonged to the Lact. gasseri strains. Correlations between the adhesion and surface characteristics and aggregation were observed among the Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus paracasei strains; however, there was a variation in the strains properties within and between species. This study indicated that the Lact. gasseri, Lact. fermentum, and Lact. paracasei strains might be potential probiotics for the human oral cavity given their desirable properties. It should also be emphasized that a selective process for probiotic strains is required. Adhesion to host tissues and bacterial aggregation (auto‐ and coaggregation) are the highly important criteria for selecting strains with probiotic potential. These abilities are commonly involved with surface‐charged characteristics. This is the first study to investigate the oral Lactobacillus species using an oral keratinocyte cell line. Significant results were found for the correlations between the adhesion and surface charge characteristics and for aggregation among certain strains of Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus paracasei. This observation could be useful when collecting background information for the selection of probiotic strains for use in oral health.Keywords:
Lactobacillus fermentum
Lactobacillus gasseri
Lactobacillus paracasei
Lactobacillus casei
Cell-free supernatants of two probiotics namely Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus fermentum were assessed for their antiproliferative and antitumor activity on human colon cancer CaCo2 and normal NCM425 cell lines. MTT 3-(4,5- Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) assay was used to detect cytotoxic activity and cell viability. Our results indicated that both supernatants exhibited cytotoxic activities and their impact was in a dose-dependent manner. The results also showed that the supernatants were less toxic to normal cells. Lactobacillus casei cell-free supernatant (LcCFS) was more cytotoxic on cancer cells than Lactobacillus fermentum cell-free supernatant (LfCFS) at higher concentrations. However, no significant differences were observed between the impact of LcCFS and LfCFS on the NCM425 cell line. In conclusion, cell-free supernatants of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus fermentum could be good candidates for cancer treatment and control.
Lactobacillus fermentum
Lactobacillus casei
MTT assay
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A number of fermented milk products containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus gasseri are now available as probiotic products. The proteolytic, lipolytic and autolytic properties of human-derived L. acidophilus (5 strains) and L. gasseri (7 strains) were evaluated, as these factors are closely related to cell viability and flavor development in the products. All L. gasseri strains showed higher intracellular protease activities than the L. acidophilus strains ; in contrast, lipase activities in L. gasseri were mostly lower than those of L. acidophilus. The many strains of L. gasseri were shown to have a greater tendency than L. acidophilus to autolyze in dispersed solution ; this liability was more distinct at lower pH values. These properties should be taken into account when bacteria are selected for production of probiotic products.
Lactobacillus gasseri
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In view of well-established immunomodulatory properties of Lactobacillus, present investigation was carried out to evaluate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus acidophilus, against inflammatory pathway and oxidative stress developed in an experimental model of arthritis. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model was used. Oral administration of L. casei, L. acidophilus, standard antiarthritic drug indomethacin, and vehicle were started after induced arthritis and continued up to day 28. Interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1β, IL-17, IL-4, and IL-10 levels were estimated in serum. In parallel, oxidative stress parameters were also measured from synovial effsuate. All rats were graded for arthritis score at the end of each week. L. casei, L. acidophilus, and indomethacin treatment significantly downregulated proinflammatory and upregulated anti-inflammatory cytokines at P<0.0001. They have significantly decreased oxidative stress in synovial effsuate (P<0.0001) and also arthritis score (P<0.05). Protection provided by L. casei and L. acidophilus was more pronounced than that of indomethacin. These lines of evidence suggest that L. casei and L. acidophilus exert potent protective effect against CIA. It further establishes effective anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Lactobacillus. However, additional clinical investigations are needed to prove the efficacy of Lactobacillus in treatment/management of rheumatoid arthritis.
Lactobacillus casei
Proinflammatory cytokine
Inflammatory arthritis
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Abstract Aim: To analyze the acid‐producing and growth abilities of different oral Lactobacillus species. Methods: Thirty‐nine oral clinical strains and type strains of Lactobacillus , representing nine species, including Lactobacillus casei/paracasei , Lactobacillus fermentum , Lactobacillus gasseri , Lactobacillus mucosae , Lactobacillus oris , Lactobacillus plantarum , Lactobacillus rhamnosus , Lactobacillus salivarius , and Lactobacillus vaginalis were studied. Anaerobically‐grown bacterial cells were inoculated overnight in de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe broth containing 2% glucose (pH 7.0). Acid production and growth were measured at 0, 1.5, 3, 5, 7, and 24 h. Results: Lactobacillus salivarius , Lactobacillus rhamnosus , Lactobacillus casei/paracasei , and Lactobacillus plantarum grew rapidly and reached an optical density higher than other species. They also produced more acid than the others. Lactobacillus vaginalis showed the lowest rate of growth and acid production. These findings demonstrated that the different species of Lactobacillus showed different abilities to generate acid, allowing the species to be categorized into three groups: strongly, moderately, and weakly acidogenic. Conclusion: There was variation in acid production and growth between the Lactobacillus species. The strongest acid producers were Lactobacillus salivarius , Lactobacillus rhamnosus , Lactobacillus plantarum , and Lactobacillus casei/paracasei , respectively. It seems possible that these species might play a more important role in caries development than the others.
Lactobacillus casei
Lactobacillus salivarius
Lactobacillus rhamnosus
Lactobacillus fermentum
Lactobacillus paracasei
Lactobacillus gasseri
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L. gasseri NY0509およびL.casei NY1301のin vitroにおける人工消化液(人工胃液および人工胆汁液)耐性および腸内有害細菌(E. coliおよびC. perfringans)の生育に対する抑制効果を検討した.(1) L. gasseri NY0509およびL. casei NY1301は,両菌株とも0.04%ペプシンを含むpH 3.0の人工胃液中で,4時間後まで高い生残性を示した.また,0.3%胆汁末を含む人工胆汁液中で,L. casei NY1301は比較的高い増殖性を示した.一方,L. gasseri NY0509の増殖は抑制されたものの,胆汁耐性を示した.(2) 腸内有害菌との混合培養試験において供試Lac-tobacillus 2菌株は,E. coli JCM 1649Tの増殖に対し抑制作用を示さなかったが,これらの2菌株が定常期に入った48時間後では,(a) L. gasseri, (b) L. casei, (c)L. gasseri+L. caseiは何れもE. coliの菌数を明確に減少させ,その作用は(c)が最も強く,これらLactobacillusの乳酸産生量に依存していた.C. perfringens JCM1290Tの増殖に対しては,(c) L. gasseri+L. caseiのみ若干の抑制作用を示した.さらに,L. gasseri NY0509およびL. casei NY1301が定常期に入った48時間後では,(a) L. gasseri, (b) L. casei, (c) L. gasseri+L. caseiの何れもC. perfringensの菌数を明らかに減少させ,その作用は乳酸濃度産生量が最も多かった(c)が最も強かった.
Lactobacillus gasseri
Lactobacillus casei
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健常成人6名(男性,平均年齢37.5歳)を対象としてL. gasseri NY0509およびL. casei NY1301を用いて調製した乳酸菌飲料の糞便内菌叢および糞便性状に及ぼす影響を検討した.乳酸菌飲料65ml/日を11日間,引き続き195ml/日を9日間摂取させた.その結果,乳酸菌飲料の摂取により糞便中のLactobacillus属の菌数は有意に増加した.また,Bifidobacterium属の菌数および占有率も増加し,摂取終了後有意に減少した.一方,C. Perfringensの検出率は,乳酸菌飲料摂取期間中低下した.菌種レベルでのLactobacillus属およびBifidobacterium属の変動を検索したところ,Lactobacillus属については,乳酸菌飲料の摂取によってL. gasseriが増加する傾向にあり,195ml摂取中にL. caseiが検出された.Bifidobacterium属については,B. adolescentis groupおよびB. longumが乳酸菌飲料の摂取により増加する傾向を示した.さらに,糞便pHは乳酸菌飲料の摂取期間中低下した.以上の成績より,L. gasseri NY0509およびL. casei NY1301を含む乳酸菌飲料が腸内菌叢を改善し,整腸作用を示すことが示唆された.
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Lactobacillus casei
Bifidobacterium longum
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Lactobacillus gasseri
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This study was carried out to assess the protective immune effect of mixed culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus gasseri in mice infected with Salmonella typhimurium. Parameters of evaluation were total and absolute count of leukocyte and phagocytosis. Fifteen albino mice divided into five groups and designated as follows: CG used as negative control, SG was infected with 0.1 ml Salmonella typhimurium 2.5×107 cfu/ml and used as a positive control, AC was treated with 0.1ml Lactobacillus acidophilus 1×109 cfu/ml and infected with Salmonella typhimurium 2.5×107 cfu/ml, GG was doused with Lactobacillus gasseri and infected with Salmonella typhimurium, AG was fed with 0.1 ml mixed culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus gasseri 1×109 cfu/ml and infected with Salmonella typhimurium 2.5×107 cfu/ml. Results indicated that mice treated with viable Lb.acidophilus and Lb.gasseri showed a significant protective immune effect compared with positive and negative control, while mice fed with mixed culture of Lb.acidophilus and Lb.gasseri exhibited less protective effect against Salmonella typhimurium compared with groups fed with monoculture of Lactobacillus.
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أجريت الدراسة لتحديد تاثير برومات البوتاسيوم في بعض معايير النمو والمعايير الكيموحيوية والأنزيمية ، كذلك بيان تأثيرها في التوازن الميكروبي في أمعاء الجرذان فضلاً عن تقدير تاثير نوعي بكتريا حامض اللاكتيك Lactobacillus acidophilus و Lactobacillus casei في التقليل من تأثير تلك المادة في المعايير المذكورة أعلاه. أظهرت النتائج ان إضافة تراكيز من برومات البوتاسيوم في ماء الشرب للحيوانات قد سبب في إنخفاض معنوي P<0.05)) في وزن الجسم للحيوانات مع زيادة التركيز, كما إن البروتين الكلي و الألبومين و الكلوبيولين قد انخفضت لكنها لم تختلف معنوياً. وقد حصل إرتفاع معنوي في قيم كل من حامض اليوريك والكرياتينين واليوريا مع زيادة التركيز. وإرتفعت معنويا قيم كل من انزيم ALP ، ALT , AST مع زيادة التركيز. كما تبين إن إضافة تلك المادة سببت في سيادة الأحياء المجهرية المرضية في كل من الأمعاء الغليظة والصائم والإثني عشري مع انخفاض اعداد بكتريا حامض اللاكتيك. وإن إضافة نوعي بكتريا حامض اللاكتيك Lb. acidophilus و Lb. casei قد أديا إلى إنخفاض معنوي في التأثير السلبي لبرومات البوتاسيوم على جميع المعايير المقاسة وخفض أعداد البكتريا المرضية وزيادة أعداد بكتريا حامض اللاكتيك في الامعاء.
Lactobacillus casei
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