The progression of interface structure through sputtered Co/Cu and Co/Pt multilayer films
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The progression of interface structure through some Co/Cu and Co/Pt multilayer systems, grown on silicon and glass substrates respectively, has been studied using grazing incidence x-ray scattering. Simulations of the data shows that the interface characteristics of the Co/Cu system propagate unchanged with increasing numbers of bilayers. The interface roughness, lateral length scale and fractal dimension remain constant across the series of samples. In contrast, a reduction in the interface conformality between top and bottom surfaces with respect to increasing numbers of bilayers is observed in the Co/Pt system; however the roughness correlation between successive layers is largely maintained. Magnetization data for Co/Cu indicate that the Co layer immediately adjacent to the substrate is magnetically `dead'. This could result from mixing of the cobalt and silicon oxide species at the substrate interface.Keywords:
Silicon oxide
Weathering of rock produces rough surfaces. Profiles from twenty-two weathered limestone specimens were obtained using a high-resolution laser profilometer. Profiles were quantified using five different fractal methods: Modified Divider, Box Counting, Spectral, Semi-Variance, and Roughness Length. The fractal methods provided both fractal dimension and fractal intercept for each of the profiles. The five methods yielded different ranges of fractal dimensions and fractal intercepts. Results of fractal quantification, with the exception of Roughness Length dimension, compared favorably with visual roughness classifications. Since weathering typically affects higher order asperities, the fractal dimension is the most appropriate fractal parameter to assess roughness from weathering. Of the five fractal methods, it was determined that the Spectral or Semi-Variance methods were best to assess weathering roughness. These methods consistently provided fractal dimensions between 1 and 2, compared favorably with visual classification of smooth and rough specimens, and provided a wide range of fractal dimension values.
Multifractal system
Box counting
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Electroluminescence spectra have been studied on samples consisting of a single SiO2 or poly Si layer or SiO2/Si layer pair grown either on silicon or metal substrates. The samples were designed for determining the conditions and the location where electroluminescence originates in SiO2/Si structures. An intermediate gold layer was used to isolate the active layers from the silicon substrate. The results indicate that significant electroluminescence emission can be observed only in those samples that have SiO2 p-type crystalline Si interface. The most promising explanation of this phenomenon is that there are defect levels in the thin silicon oxide layer near the interface.
Silicon oxide
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Microstrip line was fabricated on the oxidized porous silicon layer which has nearly electrically and chemically identical properties with thermally oxidized silicon layer. Thick oxidized porous silicon layer of few tenth of micrometers was prepared by thermal oxidation of porous silicon layer on silicon substrate. Multi-step thermal oxidation process was used to obtain high Quality and thick oxidized silicon layer and to release thermal stress. Microstrip line was fabricated on the oxidized porous silicon layer. Its microwave characteristics were measured and the availability for MMIC substrate was investigated.
Porous Silicon
Thermal oxidation
Hybrid silicon laser
Nanocrystalline silicon
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A 1D band-limited weierstrass fractal function is used to simulate the practical fractal sea surface.Based on the brine dielectric properties,the electromagnetic scattering from 1D band-limited weierstrass fractal rough sea surface with the tapered wave incidence is studied using the method of moment.The curves of electromagnetic scattering coefficient with scattering angle are obtained by numerical calculation.The effects of the wind speed,the fractal dimension,the salt content of sea and the frequency of the incident wave on the scattering coefficient are discussed.The basic characteristics,the fractal characteristics and the characteristics with varying of frequency of scattering coefficient from 1D band-limited Weierstrass fractal rough sea surface are also obtained.The results show that the effect of the wind speed,the fractal dimension and the frequency of the incident wave on the scattering coefficient of the rough surface is obvious while the influence of the salt content in sea is smaller.
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Structure function of engineering surface irregularities is classified by Fractal dimension to the three phases which are waviriess, surface roughness and smaller irregularities than surface roughness. This report presents that surface roughness has Fractal-like property and that smaller irregularities than roughness are made of simple form asperities which do not have any irregularities on their slopes. Furthermore it is made clear that this smallest irregularities are Fractal-like elements of surface roughness.
Asperity (geotechnical engineering)
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This paper discusses the relation between fractal dimension and roughness index for fractal surfaces of solids. The applicability of the relation to fracture of Mode III+Mode I complex loading is shown. The applicability to other rough surfaces is discussed.
Multifractal system
Box counting
Fractal derivative
Mode (computer interface)
Fractal landscape
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The irregular and disorder characteristics of the ware-cut electrical discharge machining(WEDM) surface topography has forced the investigation into the fractal characterization of the WEDM surface topography based on the fractal geometry theory.The paper offers the fractal dimension of the WEDM surface calculated by structure function method and describes the meaning of the fractal dimension of the WEDM surface.The results show that the profiles of the WEDM surface exhibit strong fractal characterizations within a certain scale.The factors of processing parameters setting and pulse power performance affect the size of the fractal dimension D.The fractal dimension D has a certain relationship with the surface roughness Ra.It is more reasonable to describe the characterization of WEDM surface topography by combining the fractal dimension D with the surface roughness Ra.
Characterization
Electrical Discharge Machining
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This paper applies fractal geometry theory in the description of roughness of rock structural surface and points out the deficiency in traditional fractal calculation of roughness,which is only for some curve and cannot completely reflect the geometric shape of the whole rough surface.To this problem,it measures sample surface configuration with a measuring meter that can measure 3D geometric shape and carries out fractal calculation for sample surface configuration with solid coverage method.The calculated fractal dimension can reflect the roughness of the whole structural surface.
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An improved fractal model is proposed for describing the practical rough sea surface.The electromagnetic scattering from 1D improved fractal sea surface is studied by the method of moment.The curves of the scattering coefficient changing with the scattering angle are obtained by the numerical calculation.The influence of the wind speed,the fractal dimension,the frequency of the incident wave on the scattering coefficient is discussed.A dependence relation between the parameters of the rough surface and the incident wave and the improved fractal sea surface scattering coefficient is obtained.The results indicate that the wind speed and frequency of incident wave have great influence on the composite scattering coefficient while the less influence is from the fractal dimension.
Scattering coefficient
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