Studies on the intestinal microflora of chicken under tropical condition
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Three media, i. e., MOD-SD, M98-5 and M98-5 supplemented with chicken fecal extract were tested as isolation media for anaerobic bacteria present in the duodenum, jeju-ileum and cecum of chicken. The results showed that the mean colony counts of medium M98-5 were similar with those of MOD-SD medium in all intestinal samples at the incubation periods of 2, 6 and 10 days. Supplementation with chicken fecal extract of M98-5 medium significantly increased (p < 0.05) the colony counts of bacteria from the duodenum, jeju-ileum and cecum. The colony counts at 6-day incubation were similar with those at 10-day incubation, but were much higher than the counts at 2-day incubation. The major types of bacteria found in the duodenum and jeju-ileum of chicken were tentatively identified as Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and E. coli. In the cecum, ten tentatively identified groups of bacteria, namely, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Lactobacillus, E. coli, anaerobic coccus, Eubacterium, Propionibacterhtm, Clostridium, Fusobacterium and Bacteroides were isolated. Anaerobes were found to comprise nearly the entire microbial population of the cecum. Predominating in all sections of the intestine were homoferrnentative lactobacilli. The main Lactotacillus species in chicken intestine were L. acidophilus, L. fermentum and L. brevis.Keywords:
Cecum
Eubacterium
Fusobacterium
The proportion and frequency of three groups of particular bacteria (Bacteroides, Fusobacterium and spirochetes) were studied in relation to the gingival index on the sites from which they were sampled. Seventy eight samples collected from 40 individuals were studied together with measurements of the gingival index and the pocket or sulcus depth. The samples were dispersed by ultrasonic treatment, diluted and cultured on a non-selective medium. The identification of the species was done by biochemical tests and by analysis of the metabolic products with gas chromatography. As a whole, our results support the hypothesis of an important change in the microbial flora from a clinical healthy status (with predominant Gram positive facultative anaerobic bacteria) to disease (with predominant Gram negative strict anaerobic bacteria). Furthermore the results suggest that Bacteroides gingvalis as well as Fusobacterium nucleatum and spirochetes through their high frequency and important proportion at the affected sites played an etiological role in the pathogenesis of gingivitis and periodontis Man.
Fusobacterium nucleatum
Fusobacterium
Gingival sulcus
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4~8mmの歯周ポケットを有する9名め成人性歯周炎罹患者について, プラークコントロール, 歯石除去及びルートプレーニングを施した。その前後にポケット底部より採取した細菌叢の変動を, グラム染色, 暗視野顕微鏡, 嫌気培養法を用いて検討した。その結果, 歯周初期治療後にグラム陽性球菌の増加とグラム陰性桿菌, 糸状菌の減少が認められた。また, 術前, プラークコントロール, 歯石除去とルートプレーニングの3時期において Fusobacterium 属は6.8%, 4.8%, 1.4%, Bacteroides 属は11.0%, 3.1%, 0.4%, Spirochetes は11.0%, 9.5%, 0.5%の変動を示した。black pigmented Bacteroides は7被検部位中3部位で, Fusobacterium necrophorum は7被検部位中5部位で検出された。Bacteroides はポケットの深さと, Spirochetes はポケットの深さ, 歯肉炎指数, プラークスコアとの間で各々有意な相関性が認められた。
Fusobacterium necrophorum
Fusobacterium
Bacteroidaceae
Flora
Fusobacterium nucleatum
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Possible application is studied for fluorescence spectroscopy in the express-evaluation of the gastrointestinal microflora. This diagnostic approach is feasible because of the difference in fluorescent spectra from different microorganisms, with anaerobic microorganisms exhibiting the most pronounced fluorescence. It was found that fluorescence strength raised with an increase in the bacteria Bacteroides and bifid bacteria, whereas it decreased with an increase in Escherichia coli. The bacteria Bacteroides and bifid bacteria are the most typical representatives of anaerobic bacteria, whereas the bacteria Escherichia coli arc the typical representatives of aerobic bacteria. According to the literature, Bacteroides and bifid bacteria reveal an intense fluorescence. Bearing in mind that these genera of bacteria play an important role in the gastrointestinal microbiocenosis, fluorescence spectroscopy can be used as a diagnostic means for gastrointestinal dysbacteriosis.
Escherichia
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Fusobacterium
Isolation
Bacteroidaceae
Brilliant green
Obligate anaerobe
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The ability of lipid A preparations from strains of Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, and Veillonella to inhibit the lipid A-anti-lipid A reaction in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was tested. Anti-lipid A serum was prepared with lipid A from Salmonella minnesota R595, and lipid A from Escherichia coli EH100 was used as control antigen. Preparations from three of four different species of Bacteroides were unable to inhibit the anti-lipid A activity, whereas lipid A preparations from Fusobacterium and Veillonella strains inhibited 50% of the activity at 1 to 141 micrograms. One of the Bacteroides strains, Bacteroides oralis, showed a very weak inhibiting activity at the highest concentration used. The results confirm that Bacteroides species have a unique lipopolysaccharide structure, in contrast to other anaerobic genera which have a lipopolysaccharide structure similar to that of the Enterobacteriaceae.
Lipid A
Fusobacterium
Veillonella
Bacteroidaceae
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Due to recent studies and to recommendations made by various taxonomic subcommittees, the descriptions of several genera of anaerobic, nonsporing bacilli were emended and a number of species with these characteristics were reclassified. Because the resultant new names and combinations and the author citations for them were not clearly indicated when the new names and combinations were originally introduced, they are listed here for the sake of clarity. In addition, five new combinations (Fusobacterium aquatile, F. stabile, F. perfoetens, Eubacterium endocarditidis, and E. helminthoides) and a new name (Eubacterium helwigiae) are proposed herein.
Eubacterium
Fusobacterium
Veillonella
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Fusobacterium
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron
Bacteroides fragilis
Gram-Positive Cocci
Peptostreptococcus
Bacteremia
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Anaerobic bacteria from the colon of laboratory mice were enumerated and isolated using strict anaerobic techniques. Direct microscopic counts revealed 4.4 X 10(10) organisms in each gram (wet weight) of colon contents. Actual cultural counts averaged 3.2 X 10(10) organisms, which was 73% of the direct microscopic count. The tentatively identified genera were Bacteroides, Eubacterium, Fusobacterium, Lactobacillus, Peptostreptococcus, and Propionibacterium. Strains of Fusobacterium, Lactobacillus, Peptostreptococcus, and Propionibacterium were biochemically homogeneous. Strains of Bacteroides and Eubacterium, on the other hand, were biochemically heterogeneous and were subdivided into several distinct groups. The data indicate that many of the isolates are different from previously described species of the respective genera and may belong to new species.
Eubacterium
Peptostreptococcus
Propionibacterium
Fusobacterium
Bacteroidaceae
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Strictly anaerobic Bacteroides sp., Eubacterium sp., and Fusobacterium sp. were isolated from the cecum of a conventional mouse. An immunofluorescent method utilizing rabbit antisera specific for each of these three strains was developed to determine their population levels in the gastrointestinal tracts of gnotobiotic mice. Population levels of these anaerobes in groups of gnotobiotic mice colonized with either Bacteroides, Eubacterium, or Fusobacterium were compared with those of gnotobiotes colonized with all three strains. Bacteroides population levels in gnotobiotes colonized with all three strains were 100-fold less than the Bacteroides population level in gnotobiotes colonized with only the Bacteroides strain. Eubacterium or Fusobacterium population levels were not reduced by the presence of the other anaerobic strains. Thus, strictly anaerobic Eubacterium sp. and Fusobacterium sp. that colonized gnotobiotic mice caused a reduction in the in vivo population levels of a strictly anaerobic Bacteroides sp.
Fusobacterium
Eubacterium
Bacteroidaceae
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron
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Selected gram-negative, nonspore-forming, obligately anaerobic bacteria, isolated from a conventional mouse cecum by the anaerobic glove-box procedure, were characterized by standard methods. They were divided into six broad groups on the basis of cellular morphology, staining characteristics, and biochemical reactions. All organisms produced volatile and (or) nonvolatile acids from peptone and glucose. On the basis of the overall characteristics examined, these organisms were designated as the species of the genera Fusobacterium and Bacteroides.
Fusobacterium
Cecum
Bacteroidaceae
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