Erratum to “Lack of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and -3 expression in Ewing sarcoma may be due to loss of accessibility of the MMP regulatory element to the specific fusion protein in vivo” [Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 293 (2002) 61–71]
Hiroki YabeMariko FukumaFumihiko UranoKoichi YoshidaShingo KatoYoshiaki ToyamaJun-ichi HataAkihiro Umezawa
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Matrix (chemical analysis)
알레르기 염증과 기도 개형은 천식의 병리로서 기도의 구조적 변형에 MMPs가 주요한 역할을 하고 있다. MMPs가 중성구, 호산구와 대식세포 같은 염증세포의 이동과 기능에 영향을 미치고, 세포외기질의 침착과 분해에 영향을 미쳐서 천식 기관지의 구조적 변화에 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. TIMPs는 MMPs와 분자량으로 1:1의 비로 결합을 하는데, MMPs/TIMPs의 비가 올라가면 조직 손상이 올 수 있고, 반대로 떨어지면 조직에 섬유화가 증가한다. MMP-9은 MMPs 중에서 천식에서 중요한 역할을 하고 있으며, 급성 천식 환자에서와 알레르겐으로 유발한 천식 환자의 기관지폐포 세척액에서 MMP-9이 증가하였고, 다시 급성 천식이 가라앉은 후에는 MMP-9이 정상으로 돌아왔다. 뿐 아니라, 스테로이드로 치료한 후에도 MMP-9의 수치가 감소하고, TIMPs는 증가하였다. 천식의 알레르기 염증이 있는 기관지에서 MMP-9이 증가하고, MMPs의 억제제를 사용하면 알레르기 염증이 감소하는 것은 확실한 것 같지만, MMP-9 결핍 쥐를 이용한 연구에서는 서로 상이한 결과가 보고되기도 하였다. 그래서 천식 치료제로서의 MMP-9 억제제의 역할에 대해서는 좀 더 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.
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Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs) form a subgroup of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family, and there are 6 MT-MMPs in humans. MT-MMPs are further sub-classified into type I transmembrane-type (MT1, − MT2-, MT3- and MT5-MMPs) and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored type (MT4- and MT6-MMPs). In either case MT-MMPs are tethered to the plasma membrane, and this cell surface expression provides those enzymes with unique functionalities affecting various cellular behaviours. Among the 6 MT-MMPs, MT1-MMP is the most investigated enzyme and many of its roles and regulations have been revealed to date, but the potential roles and regulatory mechanisms of other MT-MMPs are gradually getting clearer as well. Further investigations of MT-MMPs are likely to reveal novel pathophysiological mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies for different diseases in the future.
Matrix (chemical analysis)
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Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a class of zinc-dependent enzymes that degrade extracellular matrix components, particularly collagen. MMPs have been implicated in a diverse list of pathological processes, including cancer and cardiovascular disease. Recent efforts to bring MMP inhibitors to clinical trials, however, have proved disappointing. These failures are attributed, in part, to the non-selective nature of current inhibitors. The possibility also exists, however, that inhibition of a particular MMP type will lead to feedback accumulation of parallel MMP members. MMP-7, also known as matrilysin, has a broad list of substrates, including denatured collagen and other MMPs involved in the collagenolytic pathway, namely MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9. Whether the additional collagenases, MMP-8 and MMP-13, are also activated by MMP-7 has not been explored. We show here that recombinant active MMP-7 was able to process MMP-8 to its active form in vitro, but did not activate MMP-13. In the left ventricles of mice lacking the MMP-7 gene, MMP-8 levels increased while MMP-13 levels decreased in vivo. The switch in MMP profile was not accompanied by a change in left ventricular dimensions or wall thickness. Together, these data suggest that MMP-8 is an in vivo substrate of MMP-7, and that the accumulation of pro-MMP-8 in the absence of MMP-7 downregulates pro-MMP-13 levels in order to maintain baseline collagenolytic function. The interplay between MMP-8 and MMP-13 suggest that these MMPs may play reciprocal roles. The design of selective MMP inhibitors, therefore, must take into consideration changes in parallel MMP types as a potential compensatory mechanism.
Matrilysin
Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
Gelatinases
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Matrix (chemical analysis)
Type IV collagen
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We developed a new culture-complex auto-inducing media (CAI) for heterogenous protein expression in Escherichia coli.To test expression efficiency in the CAI, we constructed seven different plasmids named p-1, p-2, p-3, p-4, p-5, p-6 and p-7. These plasmids were transformed into E. coli BL21, then expressed in both Luria-Bertani madia LB and CAI. To improve the expression level even more, we analyzed the composition of the CAI and optimized the culture.The expression levels of seven fusion proteins in CAI were four times higher than those in Luria-Bertani. Through a series of changes we formed a new optimized culture (CAI-4).Comparing to the expression levels of these fusion proteins (P-1, P-2, P-3) in CAI, the expression levels of fusion proteins in CAI-4 increased 2-fold.
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[Objective] We developed a new culture-complex auto-inducing media(CAI) for heterogenous protein expression in Escherichia coli.[Methods] To test expression efficiency in the CAI,we constructed seven different plasmids named p1,p-2,p-3,p-4,p-5,p-6 and p-7.These plasmids were transformed into E.coli BL21,then expressed in both Luria-Bertani madia LB and CAI.To improve the expression level even more,we analyzed the composition of the CAI and optimized the culture.[Results] The expression levels of seven fusion proteins in CAI were four times higher than those in Luria-Bertani.Through a series of changes we formed a new optimized culture(CAI-4).[Conclusion] Comparing to the expression levels of these fusion proteins(P-1,P-2,P-3) in CAI,the expression levels of fusion proteins in CAI-4 increased 2-fold.
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Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of zinc-dependent proteolytic enzymes able to cleave all major protein components in the extracellular matrix during the processes of wound healing and tumor formation. Tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) , which exist in the human body, can regulate the activity of MMPs. According to different sources, MMP inhibitors are divided into TIMPs, natural MMP inhibitors and synthetic inhibitors. The classification and functional features of MMPs and MMP inhibitors are summarized and the relationship between MMPs, MMP inhibitors and posterior capsular opacification (PCO) are reviewed.
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Matrix metalloproteinases; Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors; Cataract, secondary
Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
Proteolytic enzymes
Matrix (chemical analysis)
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Matrix (chemical analysis)
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Matrix (chemical analysis)
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