Telemetry Systems for Monitoring Physiological Responses of Cattle
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ABSTRACT TWO telemetry systems have been developed to mon-itor physiological responses of cattle during assembly, processing for shipment, and transportation. One system has an ingestible bolus transmitter and monitors the temperature of 16 animals simultaneously. The other system has a back-pack transmitter and can monitor temperature, heart rate, and respiration rate of eight animals simultaneously. The transmitters and associated receiver-data recorders are battery powered and designed to operate at low power. This paper describes the telemetry systems and presents preliminary results of laboratory and field tests.Keywords:
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Biotelemetry is defined as transmitting biological or physiological data to a remote location that has the capability to interpret the data and affect decision-making. Biomedical telemetry is a special field of biomedical instrumentation that often enables transmission of biological information from an inaccessible location to a remote monitoring site. Telemetry is the science of gathering information from a distant location and then transmitting the data to a convenient location to be examined and recorded. Telemetry is a process by which transmission of objects or environments characteristics via different transmission channels is conducted. Air, space for satellite application, coaxial cable or fiber optic cables are used as transmission channels. Wireless telemetry systems are used when the measurement point is far from the monitoring place or there is a risk for work safety. Wireless telemetry systems are preferred at biotelemetry application because of the fact that biological signals can be observed in natural living surrounding.
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A biotelemetry chip has been built as part of a bidirectional telemetry system for the measurement of glucose content. The design of the telemetry system had led to the realisation of a hybrid circuit with a custom integrated circuit.
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Abstract The sections in this article are Biotelemetry Systems Modulation Modes Power Sources Biotelemetry Applications Transmission Links and Propagation Endoradiosondes Passive Implanted Telemetry Devices Active Implanted Telemetry Devices Transponders Packaging Wildlife Tracking
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An EKG telemetry system has been designed for use on free-living ungulates. An FM transmitter with a battery life of 2 +/-0.5 months and a range of 2-6 km is mounted on the back of the animal by means of an adjustable harness. The EKG signal is detected by subdermal electrodes overlying the sternum and transmitted to an FM receiver equipped with a frequency down-converter. The output of the receiver is the modulated audio carrier which is recorded on magnetic tape. The EKG waveform is recovered from the tape-recorded signal using an FM demodulator connected to a strip chart recorder.
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INTRODUCTION THE use of biotelemetry systems permits the measurement of physiological information from unrestrained subjects. In addition, if the system is automated, then diurnal records may be taken in the absence of an investigator whose very presence will alter the results (Cain and Abbott, 1970; Cain and Wilson, 1971). The importance of telemetry for physiological rhythm studies has been reported by Miles (1962) and Essler and Folk (1961). Telemetry with birds has included respiration of a flying duck (Lord et al., 1962) and the diurnal heart rate pattern of a chicken (Sturkie, 1963). An implanted telemetry system has also been used to relate time of oviposition and ovulation to changes in body temperature in the chicken (Winget et al., 1965). Many applications of telemetry are described in reviews by Mackay (1968), Ko and Neumann (1967) and Slater (1963). A multichannel AM telemetry and multiplexing system for measuring body temperature circadian…
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Preface Biomedical Telemetry: Technology and Applications Radiotelemetric EEG Recordings in Small Rodents - A Powerful Analytical Tool in Basic Neurological Research Telemetry: An Ecologist Swiss-Army Knife Biotelemetry NET for Neurochemical Biosensor and Microsensor Applications: Design, Construction and Validation Biotelemetry Research on Upstream Migration Behavior of Adult Chum and Pink Salmon in A Remeandered Segment of the Shibetsu River, Japan Bio-Telemetry of Inshore Fish in Polar Regions Reproductive State-Specific Habitat Use by Adult Japanese Fluvial Sculpin Cottus Pollux (Pisces: Cottidae) in Relation to Bottom Substrate Condition A Novel Telemetric System for Recording Brain Activity in Small Animals Audible-Wave Telemetry with PC Sound Card for Remote Analysis Applications Telemetry of Body Temperature for Long-Term Recordings of Breathing Index.
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Biotelemetry
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Ambulatory telemetry systems allow patients to move around the hospital while certain physiologic parameters are monitored. Traditionally, telemetry systems have used compact transmitters worn by the patient to take readings and transmit them to a central station. More recently, to expand telemetry's capabilities without adding excessive size and weight to the patient-worn transmitters, some suppliers have provided certain parameters using small wireless portable bedside monitors that are wheeled around on a roll stand by the patient. In this Evaluation, we judge the capabilities of 18 telemetry systems--14 that are intended for general telemetry use, 2 that are designed specifically for use in cardiac rehabilitation programs, and 2 that are marketed for both applications. For the general systems, we looked for the ability to provide electrocardiogram, pulse oximetry, and noninvasive blood pressure measurements as needed without making the patient transmitter too big and heavy for practical use. Cardiac rehab systems generally need to provide only ECG readings, so our ratings focus principally on patient comfort and the appropriateness of the systems' capabilities for this application. We also revisit some of the issues surrounding telemetry transmission techniques: Whether it's better to operate in the new Wireless Medical Telemetry Service (WMTS) frequencies than in the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) bands, and whether bidirectional transmissions provide better telemetry capabilities than unidirectional ones.
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Description of improved single-channel and multichannel telemetry systems designed for measurements of single and multiple physiological parameters, respectively, with adequate accuracy. The systems include a single-channel biopotential transmitter, a temperature transmitter, a pressure transmitter, and a multichannel transmitter for implant telemetric applications.
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