Enhanced proton conductivity from phosphoric acid-imbibed crosslinked 3D polyacrylamide frameworks for high-temperature proton exchange membranes
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Anhydrous
Phosphoric acid
Polyacrylamide
Proton conductor
Abstract The article deals with the problems retarded to preparing the single crystals of anhydrous sulphates of the iron‐metal group. The article provides a comprehensive review on up to date recent knowledge on the chemical and physical properties of these sulphates and, in addition, it describes some methods of preparing their anhydrous form. Also inform about the experiments of single crystal growth. It exhibits the facility of the solution of this problem, that is still under investigation.
Anhydrous
Crystal (programming language)
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Anhydrous
Proton conductor
Hybrid material
Thermal Stability
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Very stable dicalcium phosphate(DCP) against NaF was prepared by heat treatment at 200°C with adding Mg compound and condensed phosphate to DCP anhydrous. The crystal form and surface morphology of the improved DCP anhydrous were compared to that of standard DCP anhydrous. These characteristics were the same as those of standard DCP anhydrous. Although our surface modification technology was considered to keep the original characteristics of standard DCP anhydrous, even the crushed sample by an agate mortar showed a sufficient stability against NaF.
Anhydrous
Surface Modification
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The possibility that anionic polyacrylamide takes the place of cationic polyacrylamide has been studied.The paper discusses the effect of the quantity of anionic polyacrylamide,etherificatin,buffering time and pH on the efficiency of sludge dewatering.The results show that the effect of anionic polyacrylamide can be nearly as good as that of cationic polyacrylamide,which can reduce cost.Taking economic factor and effect of sludge dewatering into account,this experiment proves the best quantity of anionic polyacrylamide,the proportion of anionic polyacrylamide to etherification,the best time of buffering,the best pH and so on.
Polyacrylamide
Cationic polymerization
Papermaking
Dewatering
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Anhydrous
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Anhydrous
Biopolymer
Alginic acid
Proton conductor
Proton Transport
Thermal Stability
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Anhydrous
Trifluoromethanesulfonate
Proton conductor
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The in-situ application results of comb-shape polyacrylamide showed that the comb-shape polyacrylamide can increase the viscosity value of 58 percent to 81 percent more than that of the ordinary Daqing polyacrylamide,and 22 percent to 70 percent more than that of the ordinary polyacrylamide MO??4000 produced by Japan,under the same conditions.The oil displacement efficiency of comb-shape polyacrylamide can increase by two times compared with that of the ordinary polyacrylamide.At the same time,it can decrease the polymer dosage by 30 percent more than the ordinary polyacrylamide.The excellent economy,social and environment benefits of comb-shape polyacrylamide for polymer flooding,alkaline-surfactant-polymer flooding and cross-linking polymer flooding have been achieved.It has become an excellent high-efficiency oil displacement agent and profile modification agent for oilfield exploitation.
Polyacrylamide
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Anhydrous
Proton conductor
Imidazole
Thermal Stability
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The crystal structure of 1H-pyrazol-2-ium hydrogen oxalate has been studied at 100 K. It consists of two-dimensional layers built with one-dimensional chains that contain pyrazolium and oxalate acids bonded by N-HO and O-HO hydrogen bonds. According to the X-ray data and the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules, it was shown that weak and moderate hydrogen bonds are present in the crystal at room temperature. The thermal stability was studied with the DSC, TGA, and DTG methods: three endothermic peaks are observed at 384, 420, and 469 K. Conductivity measurements have been performed in the temperature range from 300 to 433 K. At 383 K the pyrazole-oxalic acid framework loses its rigidity and the crystal undergoes an ordered-disordered phase transition. At this temperature, the value of the activation energy of proton conductivity changes from 1.14 to 2.31 eV. The proton conduction pathways and the transport mechanism have been studied with theoretical methods.
Anhydrous
Proton conductor
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