Electrochemical Synthesis and Characterization of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes/Polypyrrole and Polypyrrole Hollow Nanotubes
2
Citation
24
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Abstract:
We report the electrochemical synthesis and characterization of hybrid structures composed by hollow nanotubes of polypyrrole and core-shell composites of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) coated by polypyrrole (PPy). The synthesis of these systems is critically dependent on relative concentration of carbon nanotubes (introduced as a template for polymerization) and affects the level of conductivity of media, the diameter and relative roughness of synthesized nanotubes. The competition induced by polymerization on the surface of different templates (aggregates of methyl orange and MWCNT) allows that smooth structures can be obtained, minimizing the synthesis of granules of polypyrrole, in a process that affects the morphology, thermal and electrical properties of synthesized materials. As a result, the impedance of mixed composite is lower than the other obtained for each system (MWCNT and hollow nanotubes of PPy), in an indication that synergistic interaction is favored during the synthesis.Keywords:
Polypyrrole
Methyl orange
Nanostructured materials based on conducting polymers can be used as electroactive materials in charge storage devices and solar energy conversion systems. Polypyrrole is one of the most extensively studied materials due to its easy synthesis, good environmental stability, and electronic properties. Three types of polypyrrole-based materials were investigated: (i) composites of polypyrrole and one-dimensional (1-D) iridium complex crystals, (ii) cone-shaped polypyrrole particles, and (iii) composites of mesoporous silica particles MCM-48 and polypyrrole. Composites of polypyrrole and iridium complex crystals [(C 2 H 5 ) 4 N] 0.55 [IrCl 2 (CO) 2 ] were prepared by in situ two-step electrodeposition. Initially, 1-D iridium complex crystals were formed during [IrCl 2 (CO) 2 ] - complex oxidation. Next, pyrrole was electropolymerized on the surface of the iridium needles. The polypyrrole forms a relatively smooth and very thin, transparent layer on the surface of the 1-D iridium complex crystals. The 1-D-IrCl 2 (CO) 2 crystals significantly influence the redox properties of the polymer. For the composite in a dichloromethane solution, the polypyrrole oxidation potential shifted toward more negative potentials. The process of polypyrrole oxidation also became more reversible. Polypyrrole with 1-D-IrCl 2 (CO) 2 crystals incorporated into its structure also shows much better capacitance behavior in comparison to pure polypyrrole. in water than in aprotic solvents. The capacitance of the composite material reaches a value close to 590 F g -1 . This value is in the range of the highest specific capacitances reported to date for polypyrrole based materials. The presence of the 1-D iridium complex crystals also significantly influences the polypyrrole charge/discharge rate, particularly in aprotic solvents. Electrochemical synthesis of polypyrrole in water containing anionic surfactants (polyvinylpyrrolidone or sodium diodecyl sulphate) results in formation of cone-like structures on the electrode surface. The size of these structures depends on the synthesis conditions such us, time of electrodeposition, concentration of monomer and surfactant, nature and concentration of supporting electrolyte. The charge transfer processes in the film of cone-like structures are much more reversible in comparison to the conventionally deposited polypyrrole. In this case, a significant improvement in electrical capacitance performance is also observed. The composite of polypyrrole and mesoporous silica MCM-48, polypyrrole@MCM-48, was also prepared. The silica nanopores were impregnated with dichloromethane solution of pyrrole by the capillary effect and then monomer polymerised inside the silica pores. The polymer was deposited on the walls of mesopores. Therefore, mesoporous structure is preserved in the composite. The polypyrrole can be removed from the MCM-48 matrix by silica dissolution in an aqueous solution of NaOH. The polypyrrole forms spherical structures consisting of thin and long whiskers of the polymer. Both the whiskers of polypyrrole and polypyrrole incorporated into the pores of MCM-48 exhibit electrochemical activity due to polymer oxidation and the doping of the solid phase with anions from the solution. The electrochemical response of the polypyrrole extracted from the composite is superior to that of chemically synthesised bulk material and the polymer incorporated into a silica matrix. Such an improvement in the electrochemical properties of polypyrrole is particularly important for further practical application of this polymer in charge-storage and energy-conversion devices. Figure 1
Polypyrrole
Cite
Citations (0)
In this paper,the latest research development of polypyrrole is reviewed.The conduction and doping mechanism,synthesis method and application of polypyrrole are also introduced.In particular,the preparation of polypyrrole by template is also introduced.It is proposed that exploring the preparation and mechanism of polypyrrole materials with a specific morphology should become a hot topic in the field.
Polypyrrole
Cite
Citations (0)
Polypyrrole
Cite
Citations (2)
Polypyrrole film was prepared using iodine vapor. Spectroscopic measurements showed that the polypyrrole films had a chain structure of not only pyrrole units but also some saturated pyrrolidine units or partially saturated units and hydroxyl groups. The polypyrrole film had a conductivity of 10/sup -1/ (S/cm). The temperature dependence of its conductivity was similar to that of electrochemically prepared polypyrrole.
Polypyrrole
Pyrrole
Pyrrolidine
Cite
Citations (0)
We have prepared organic conducting nanocomposite particles which utilize polypyrrole as conducting parts and small ITO particles as dispersants. The nanocomposite particles of polypyrrole and ITO represent potentially useful processable forms of polypyrrole, normally intractable conducting polymers. The conductivity of polypyrrole-ITO nanocomposite particles was two orders of magnitude higher than bulk polypyrrole under the same condition. We confirmed that these polypyrrole-ITO nanocomposite particles can be utilized as conducting inks due to their high colloidal stabilities.
Polypyrrole
Cite
Citations (1)
Methyl orange
Ammonium fluoride
Cite
Citations (32)
Abstract A simple two‐step electrochemical method is proposed for the synthesis of nanowire‐based polypyrrole hierarchical structures. In the first step, microstructured polypyrrole films are prepared by electropolymerization. Then, polypyrrole nanowires are electrodeposited on the surface of the as‐synthesized microstructured polypyrrole films. As a result, hierarchical structures of polypyrrole nanowires on polypyrrole microstructures are obtained. The surface wettabilities of the resulting nanowire‐based polypyrrole hierarchical structures are examined. It is expected that this two‐step method can be developed into a versatile route to produce nanowire‐based polypyrrole hierarchical structures with different morphologies and surface properties.
Polypyrrole
Cite
Citations (12)
Preface In-Situ Electrosynthesis of Polypyrrole using Ionic Liquid & its Application in Chemical Warfare Agent Simulant Sensing Deposition of Polypyrrole Thin Films by Advanced Method - Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation Processable Polypyrrole Pigments Based Polypyrrole/Al Flake Composite Materials for Corrosion Inhibition The Influence of Solution pH on the Electrosynthesis & on the Properties of Polypyrrole Films Recent Advances in Synthesis of Polypyrrole Nanostructures Immobilization of Enzymes on Polypyrrole & Potential Applications Preparation, Characterization & Gas Sensing Application of Novel Conducting Polypyrrole Composite Nanofibers Polypyrrole: A New Patterning Approach & Applications Polypyrrole Bulk & Nanostructured Films in Chemical Sensors Polyaniline: Preparation, Properties, Processing & Applications Polypyrrole Coated Textiles: Properties & Performance Polypyrrole Functionalization with Porphyrin & Phthalocyanine Derivatives: A Real-Time Study & Properties.
Polypyrrole
Electrosynthesis
Cite
Citations (8)
Polypyrrole
Cite
Citations (68)
TiO2 nanotube arrays film are prepared in the surface of pure titanium sheet by anodic oxidation method.The method solves the immobilization of the TiO2 photocatalyst.The morphology and the crystal structure of the TiO2 nanotube arrays film are analyzed by field emission electron microscope(FESEM)and XRD.The result indicated that the diameter of nanotubes were 70～80 nm and the wall thicknesses were 5～10nm.TiO2 nanotube heated at 420℃ was entirely anatase while heated at 500℃ was anatase mixed with rutile.In photocatalysis experiment,methyl orange(10mg·L-1)was used as the degraded agent.The effects of the initial pH value of the solution,the crystal structure of the TiO2 nanotube arrays film,the TiO2 nanotube arrays film area and the used times of the TiO2 nanotube arrays film at the degradation rate are investigated.Results show that the TiO2 nanotube arrays film has the best photocatalysis for the methyl orange solution (pH =1),while the photocatalysis of the TiO2 nanotube arrays film decreases with the increase of the used times.
Methyl orange
Rutile
Titanium Dioxide
Anodic oxidation
Cite
Citations (0)