Potential Scenarios of Concern for High Speed Rail Operations
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Abstract:
Currently, multiple operating authorities are proposing the introduction of high-speed rail service in the United States. While high-speed rail service shares a number of basic principles with conventional-speed rail service, the operational requirements on a high-speed rail system are typically more demanding than those for conventional-speed operations. The operating environment will require specialized maintenance and inspection procedures, enhanced protection or grade-separation of highway-rail crossings, effective separation of other rail traffic, and detection of potential hazards along the track to help ensure the safety of the system. With the required implementation of positive train control (PTC) by passenger-carrying rail operators, the frequency and/or severity of several types of railroad accidents can be decreased. While all of these measures will contribute to the overall system safety, incidents that pose a threat to passenger and crew safety may still occur that cannot be prevented through the design of the operating environment alone. It is important to consider these types of incidents when selecting the rail vehicles for use in a particular operation, and include appropriate crashworthiness and occupant protection measures. This paper presents a series of example scenarios of some of the potential hazards that may affect the safe operation of high-speed passenger trains in the United States. These situations are drawn from actual accidents that have occurred in the U.S. and abroad. The scenarios provide a starting point for discussing system safety features, which includes vehicle crashworthiness and occupant protection features. As an operating environment may be designed to limit the likelihood of certain types of incidents from occurring, three different hypothetical high-speed operating environments are discussed in this paper. While the number of potential scenarios varies with each operating environment, in all environments it is important to consider the need for a train’s crashworthiness features to mitigate the consequences of potential incidents.Keywords:
Operating speed
Crashworthiness
Separation (statistics)
Train control has three major functions: (1) protection; (2) operation; and (3) supervision. These functions of train control have been (and still are) implemented both manually and automatically at various railways. The first of these functions, train protection, prevents trains from traveling onto sections of track where they could collide with another train or derail due to switch positions. It also prevents trains from exceeding the safe operating speed, as determined by the vehicle type and track geometry (curves and gradients). The second function, train operation, involves the guidance of a single train in motion and at rest, when it is operating within the train protection function. Finally, train supervision involves guiding and recording the progress of multiple trains in an effort to provide economies to, or assign priorities throughout, the overall railway.
Rail transportation
Automatic train control
Operating speed
Track circuit
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High speed trains now operate in a number of countries. A review of scheduled speeds shows the first decline in top speeds since the speeds began being tracked in 1975. France and Japan still hold first and second place, but Japan is closing the gap; Taiwan, Spain, China and Germany follow. Detailed information on operating speeds is given for high speed trains in Europe and Asia. Increasing speed may be less important in some markets, such as the UK, than providing more frequent service.
Operating speed
High speed train
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According to the model of the crashworthiness of caron the assembly simulation plane, the improving design of absorbing energy structure was provided which can improve the structure crashworthiness for front impact. And it was simulated with the computer. By contrast to the former simulation result and the result of impacting test for real car, the effectiveness of improving the structure crashworthiness by structure improvement for the front impact was validated. At last, the feasible way by which can improve the crashworthiness of vehicle structure was given.
Crashworthiness
Impact energy
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According to the status of operating high-speed express trains on high-speed railways which was studying by scholars in China and foreign countries, this paper summarizes the operation experience of high-speed express trains from Express Railway Logistics Association in Germany, France and Europe, analyzes the main problems existing in operating high-speed express trains on high-speed railway lines in China from aspects of station facilities configuration, track facilities, vehicle model design, transport organization, transport safety and rules regulations system, and combining with status of developing small-scale logistic transportation by using clearance inspecting car in China, the paper puts forward the operation countermeasures of high-speed express trains which adapting to Chinese situation.
Operating speed
High speed train
Freight trains
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SUMMARY The dynamic shuttle system treated in this paper consists of main line trains traveling at a fixed speed. Passengers are shuttled to and from these fixed speed trains by means of shuttle cars. The shuttle cars can provide local service and thus alleviating the need for stations along the route of the main line trains. The main line trains have a peak volume, depending upon operating speed which is an order of magnitude greater than existing modes. They provide high speed service to travelers in the belt traversed by the trains.
Line (geometry)
Operating speed
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Abstract A crash tube is an essential component in assuring the safety of a vehicle. In a low-speed accident, crash tubes avoid damage to passengers and goods. They are mounted at the vehicle's front end and are designed to disperse kinetic energy and lessen impact loads during a collision. A novel origami-ending crash tube (OET) is presented in this study. FEA tool ABAQUS EXPLICIT was used for validation, design, and simulation studies. The dihedral angle and thickness of the tube were varied to optimize the crashworthiness. Crashworthiness measures, like mean force, specific energy absorbed, and peak force, were used to conduct comparative investigations. A dihedral angle of 165 0 was found to optimize all the crashworthiness parameters, and a thickness of 2mm was found to be significant for better crashworthiness of the tube. OETs are suitable for engineering applications due to substantial improvements in the structure's crashworthiness.
Crashworthiness
Dihedral angle
Impact energy
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Period Operating Method (POM), one way of train untwining in overcapacity section for speed-raising lines, is proposed. The basic principles of the period operating and the calculation method of carrying capacity utilization rate are enumerated. After that the general of period operating method is designed. The example analyzed indicates that under given number of trains, the utilization rate of carrying capacity goes down with the reduction of operating periods for freight trains and increase of the number of same type tracking passenger trains, which effectively alleviates the intense situation of the carrying capacity. Compared with group tracking method, this method has the advantages of higher travelling speed of passenger and freight trains, less interference and less arrival and departure tracks.
Raising (metalworking)
Carrying Capacity
Operating speed
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The speed of trains has been increased due to the development of railway technologies. Recently, operation speed up to 400Km/h is come to effect in Korea. But, it can be easily predicted that noise and vibration could be increased depending on the speed of trains. Especially, train stations are exposed to much noises for 24-hours at the nearest place when high-speed trains stop or pass the terminals. In the present study, noise levels of the passing high-speed trains were measured in four different stations and noise levels at the speed up to 400Km/h were calculated. Also, the predicted noises were analyzed and compared with the interior noise criteria(NC-curve). As a result, it was found that the noise levels exceed 10dB higher than the noise standards in average when train speed was 350km/h. Based on the results, some design proposals are suggested to satisfy with the noise standards including reinforcement of walls and ceilings, change of finishing materials which can improve the sound insulation of rooms in the train stations.
High speed train
Operating speed
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Crashworthiness
Square (algebra)
Side impact
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Crashworthiness of an energy absorbing (EA) structural member depends on its geometric configuration and material. Different structural configurations can be conceived to enhance performance of crashworthiness in design of safety systems in automobiles. Specific energy absorption (SEA) is often regarded as an important parameter in assessing crashworthiness and is commonly adopted in majority of research conducted in developing a variety of EA structures. Major limitation in most EA structures is that they exhibit high initial peak force and low stroke efficiency. This paper presents an analysis of few new structural configurations for EA structures that essentially meet all important parameters of crashworthiness such as high crash force efficiency (CFE), stroke efficiency (SE) and SEA. The structures are made of aluminium alloy AA7005 in T6 state. The relative merits of each configuration are discussed and a best one is recommended for improved crashworthiness.
Crashworthiness
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