Novel Synthesis of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanocrystals Induced by Nanocrystal Cellulose
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Abstract:
A new method was developed to synthesize high active TiO 2 nanocrystals by the hydrolysis of titanium (IV) chloride in water at 40-80°C, employing nanocrystal cellulose (NCC) as morphology controlling agent. The obtained samples were characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer. TEM investigations revealed that the crystals synthesized at 40-60°C were flower-like which was composed of nanoneedles, and when the temperature rose up to 70-80°C, cubic nanocrystals with an edge length of 100-200 nm were observed. XRD results showed that the crystalline phase of the nanocrystals had a strong dependence on the temperature and aging time, and the content of rutile phase increased with increasing either the temperature or the aging time. The photocatalytic activities of the samples were tested by the degradation of methyl orange in aqueous solution under high pressure mercury lamp. The experimental results revealed that cubic nanocrystals showed much higher photoactivity than flower-like ones.Keywords:
Methyl orange
Rutile
Nanosized titania powders were prepared by aging at low temperature using TiCl4 as precursors and EDTA as doped sources.The samples were characterized by XRD,TEM and UV-vis.Their photocatalytic activity was investigated by the degradation of methyl orange.The experimental results show that the anatase nanosized titania powders were generated more easily by doped EDTA.Photocatalytic activity of the mix-crystals of rutile and anatase nanosized titania powders was highest and better than photocatalytic activity of anatase nanosized tiania powders.
Methyl orange
Rutile
Nanometre
Degradation
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Nanosized tiania powders were prepared by the hydrolysis method under microwave radiation using TiCl4 as precursors.The samples were characterized by XRD,TEM and UV-Vis.Their photocatalytic activity was investigated by the degradation of methyl orange.The effect of power and raw materials on the structure and configuration of TiO2 was studied.The experimental results showed that nanometer tiania prepared by this method was anatase structure and the mix-crystals of rutile and anatase.The diameter of the nanotubes was about 30 nm.The samples were found to be very active for photocatalytic decomposition of methyl orange aqueous solution.The results showed the TiO2 prepared under microwave had high photocatalytic activity.
Methyl orange
Nanometre
Rutile
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A simple method has been developed to synthesize single‐phase TiO 2 nanocrystals with uniform morphology and size at room temperature. The morphology and crystal phase of the products can be easily controlled. A possible control mechanism is proposed. The photocatalytic performances of the products were evaluated by the photodegradation of methyl orange in water. The experimental results indicate that the dye degradation efficiencies of the as‐prepared rutile TiO 2 nanocrystals are almost twice that of the commercial photocatalyst P25.
Methyl orange
Rutile
Photodegradation
Degradation
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Methyl orange
Rutile
Nanocrystalline material
Hydrothermal Synthesis
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The RE single doped and co-doped TiO2 were prepared by sol-gel method,the structure and shape were characterized by XRD,FE-SEM. The photocatalytic activities were evaluated by degradation of methyl orange. The results show that the co-doping with optimum RE and metal can restrain the transform of anatase structure to rutile structure and the growth of crystal,improve the photocatalytic efficiency. The co-doping of RE and metal show a synergistic effect for photocatalytic activity of TiO2. The co-doped TiO2 show higher photocatalytic activity in degradation of methyl orange than that of single doped TiO2. Titania co-doped with La-Fe for n(La):n(TiO2)=0.5%,n(Fe):n(TiO2)=0.05% have the highest photocatalytic efficiency.
Methyl orange
Rutile
Degradation
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TiO_2 nanoparticles with high photocatalytic activity for methyl orange degradation were prepared by an acid-catalyzed sol-gel method. The prepared samples on the crystallite sizes, crystal structure, surface composition, and optical property were characterized by means of XRD, TEM, FT-IR, and PL spectra. The results show that the crystallite size of anatase TiO_2 calcined at 400 ℃ is about 11.69 nm and its morphology is approximate sphericity and has a better dispersivity. TiO_2 calcined at 400 ℃ exhibits the highest photocatalytic activity in the experiments of the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange, which is consistent with the results of characterization. Moreover, TiO_2 composed of the coexistence of anatase and rutile calcined at 550 ℃ and 650 ℃ don’t show a mixed-crystalline synergistic effect.
Methyl orange
Rutile
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Composite photocatalysts Fe/ZnO-TiO2 with 12~48 nm in grain size and pure titanium dioxide powder were prepared with self-combustion process of citric acid sol.The structure and morphology of the materials were characterized by using XRD and TEM.The influence of the addition of Fe3+ and Zn2+,citric acid volume and reaction temperature on the composition and structure of powders was analyzed.Their photocatalytic activity was tested by taking the methyl orange as a pollutant on the model.The result showed that the critical temperature for the crystal transfer from anatase-type TiO2 to rutile-type of TiO2 was 500~600 ℃.When the molar ratio of Ti(OBu)4 to citric acid was 9∶12 and the synthesis temperature was 550 ℃,the main crystal phase of the composite catalyst would be rutile-type TiO2 with small amount of anatase phase and ZnTiO3,and its efficiency of photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange would be maximal,amounting to above 95%.
Methyl orange
Rutile
Titanium Dioxide
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TiO 2 Nanospheres have been prepared with titanium tetrabutyloxide as the precursor by a solvothermal process. The prepared products have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The photocatalytic properties of the prepared samples were evaluated by measuring the decolorization of methyl orange. Transmission electron microscope(TEM) showed the prepared product contains nanospheres with a size of 60nm. Magnified TEM image further reveals that the nanospheres display fine structure consisted of 4.5nm ultrafine particles. This structure tends to have high specific surface area and favorable for the application in Photocatalytic properties. The samples prepared shows almost same Photocatalytic properties, compared with P-25.
Methyl orange
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The single crystal rutile TiO2 nanowire arrays with flat tetragonal crystallographic plane were successfully synthesized via a novel hydrothermal method. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The photocatalytic activities of the TiO2 nanowires were determined by degradation of methyl orange molecules in water under UV-light irradiation. The results indicated that the TiO2 nanowires were rutile phase. The reaction temperatures, pH values and time did not change the crystal structures, while the morphologies of nanowire arrays changed. The photocatalytic experiments revealed that different synthesis conditions can affect the photocatalytic activity of the sample under UV-light irradiation.
Rutile
Methyl orange
Tetragonal crystal system
Hydrothermal Synthesis
Crystal (programming language)
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Rutile
Methyl orange
Visible spectrum
Photoelectric effect
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