Risk factors on the menstrual cycle of healthy Taiwanese college nursing students
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Background: The purpose of this study was to explore risk factors, including age at menarche, body mass index (BMI), psychiatric stress and physical exercise on the menstrual cycle of healthy Taiwanese college nursing students. Methods: We conducted a cross‐sectional survey involving 1300 female college students in the nursing curriculum between December 2002 and March 2003. We provided a structured questionnaire for each student. Information on the women’s demographics, lifestyles and reproductive history related to menstrual cycle characteristics was requested. A total of 1095 healthy students were included in the analysis. A logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios for each of the menstrual cycle characteristics. Results: We found that age at menarche, BMI and psychiatric stress were associated with menstrual cycle characteristics in healthy college nursing students. In addition to menarche at the age of 14 years or later, obesity and psychological stress, menarche before 12 years of age was an important risk factor for menstrual dysfunction. Moreover, obese students had the highest risk of having a longer cycle and cycle irregularity. Conclusions: Early menarche might be related to menstrual dysfunction in addition to late menarche, obesity and psychological stress. Moreover, obese students are at the highest risks for longer cycles and cycle irregularity.Keywords:
Menarche
Menstruation
The purpose of this study was to determine the details of first menstruation and the differences between those who had knowledge of menstruation prior to menarche and those who did not. Information from 305 young women in India was collected regarding menarcheal bleeding pattern, disturbances in normal menstruation, and menarcheal age. Those who had knowledge prior to menarche considered it to be a normal physiological function, while those who did not were "appalled" and "horrified." Those having prior knowledge had a high rate of regularity, lower rate of dysmenorrhea, and earlier onset of menarche. The subjects were unanimous in their desire for more information to be provided prior to menarche.
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The mean age for onset of menstruation (menarche) is 12.8 years. Many schools teach girls about puberty and menstruation and prepare them for the menarche. The school nurse has a valuable part to play in all aspects of menstruation in schoolgirls, psychological as well as physical. The early periods may be irregular and vary markedly in the amount of blood loss. It can take up a year or more for a steady pattern to develop. Dysmenhorrhoea may occur, which may be mild or of the severe spasmodic type. Premenstrual tension syndrome is less common in schoolgirls. Girls should be taught about the importance of hygiene, especially if tampons are used.
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Menstruation is a physiological change in a woman's body that is affected by reproductive hormones that occur periodically. The menstrual cycle is the time from the first day of menstruation until the arrival of the next period of menstruation. The average menstrual cycle lasts for 21-35 days. Stress is a disorder of the body and mind caused by changes and life demands. Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is a condition accompanied by emotional and physical problems related to the menstrual cycle. This study aims to determine the correlation of stress levels during menstruation with the menstrual cycle in medical students. This study uses a type of cross-sectional research. The data was obtained using questionnaires. The study used 99 respondents who met inclusion criteria. The results showed that out of 99 respondents there were 79 respondents (79.8%) had a regular menstrual cycle, seven respondents (7.1%) had an abnormal menstrual cycle, there were 28 respondents (28.3%) had normal stress levels during menstruation. Twenty-one respondents (21.2%) had mild stress levels during menstruation, 21 respondents (21.2%) had moderate stress levels during menstruation, and 16 respondents (16.2%) had severe stress levels during menstruation, 13 respondents (13.1%) had stress levels are very heavy during menstruation. Based on the Spearman Rank test, there is a negative correlation with the moderate level of relationship between stress levels during menstruation and the length of the menstrual cycle.
Keywords: Menstruation, Menstrual Cycle, Stress, Stress Level.
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The conventional wisdom about menstruation in adolescents, perpetuated in textbooks, requires updating. Recently published national surveys and reviews of large historical databases provide information about menstruation in adolescents, including the following: (1) Girls are experiencing earlier pubertal development than previously noted, suggesting that guidelines for the evaluation of potentially pathologic precocious puberty be reassessed. (2) There are racial differences in pubertal development, with African American girls experiencing earlier signs than Caucasian girls, and Mexican American girls intermediate in pace. (3) The absence of pubertal development by age 14 is associated with a high probability of conditions with impaired reproductive potential. (4) Absence of menarche by age 15 is statistically uncommon and should be evaluated. (5) Parameters for normal menstrual cyclicity indicate that most menstrual cycles for adolescents are between approximately 20 and 45 days. (6) Because menstrual cycles outside of this range are statistically uncommon, consideration should be give to evaluating adolescents with bleeding that is either too frequent or too infrequent. (7) A number of conditions with the potential for significant sequelae in adulthood can present as abnormal menses in adolescence, and thus merit early diagnosis and management.
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Information on menarcheal age, menstruation habits and complaints was collected by means of questionnaires from 193 girls 14-17 years of age. Estimated median menarcheal age was 13.2 years. No statistical significant association was found between menarcheal age and physical activity or body mass. At the time of the data collection, 171 (95%) of the girls reported monthly menstruation while 29 reported loss of menstruation in more than three months during the period after menarche. 96 (52%) reported use of drugs against dysmenorrhoea, mainly paracetamol or non-steroid antiinflammatory drugs.
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Menarche is an early menstruation in a female adolescents. Therefore every female adolescents will change different reactions to completing menstruation. The factor influencing the readiness of female adolescents in menarche is mother-child comunication. The role of the mother is very important in t
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Objective:To survey the optimal menstrual cycle of the women.Methods:A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the attitude of 1 266 women who were treated in department of gynecology in the hospital to menstrual cycle.Results:Among 1 266 women,70.46% of the women considered that the optimal menstrual cycle was once a month;61.69% of the women was unwilling to change the menstrual cycle because they thought the menstrual cycle of once a month was a natural cycle;59.48% of the women wanted to change the menstrual cycle because of the discomfort induced by menstruation.Conclusion:The women investigated generally prefer monthly menstruation and they don't want to change this regulation,the great majority of the women think that menstruation is a natural menstrual cycle rhythm.
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