Spatial distribution of defects in high-purity silica glasses
Ryoichi TohmonAkihiro IkedaYasushi ShimogaichiShuji MunekuniYoshimichi OhkiKaya NagasawaYoshimasa Hama
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Abstract:
The spatial distribution of defects and impurities in a variety of high-purity silica glass manufactured by different methods are studied. The defects investigated include those found in the as-manufactured glass (oxygen vacancy and peroxy linkage), as well as those induced by ionizing radiation or ultraviolet light (E′ center and oxygen hole centers). A significant difference is observed in the distribution between silica manufactured by different methods. Furthermore, the defects induced by ionizing radiation or ultraviolet light have a spatial distribution relative to the geometry of the as-manufactured boule, suggesting that these defects arise primarily from the activation of preexisting precursors.Keywords:
Silica glass
Ultraviolet
radiation damage
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Silica glass
Penetration (warfare)
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Objective To discuss the regulatory of IL-12 on cytokines of the mice injured by the ionizing radiation,so as to provide the experimental reference for the clinical protection from immune injury.Methods A total of 64 mice were divided into 8 groups;the control group,group with only radiation injury,group injected empty vector before the ionizing radiation, group injected empty vector before/after the ionizing radiation,group injected empty vector after the ionizing radiation,group injected IL-12 vector before the ionizing radiation,group injected IL-12 before/after the ionizing radiation and group injected IL-12 vector after the ionizing radiation.The content of IFN-'v and IL-4 were detected by ELISA.The spleen lymphocytes proliferation were measured by MTT assay.Results The contents of IFN--y in the group injected IL-12 vector before the ionizing radiation, the group injected IL-12 before/after the ionizing radiation and the group injected IL-12 vector after the ionizing radiation was higher than that in the group with only radiation injury or their corresponding empty vector Group respectively(P0.05),but the differences of their lymphopoiesis were all non-significance(P 0.05).The spleen index and the contents of IL-4 in the group injected IL-12 before/after the ionizing radiation and in the group injected IL-12 vector after the ionizing radiation were statistically higher than these in the group with only radiation injury or their corresponding empty vector Group(P 0.05).Conclusion IL-12 can help the mice injured by the ionizing radiation to restore their immune function.
Radiation injury
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Non-ionizing radiation
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Preface Introduction Ionizing radiation, its characterization and dosimetry Absorption of the energy of ionizing radiation Dependence of the biological effect on absorbed radiation dose Direct Action of Ionizing Radiation Indirect Action of Ionizing Radiation Response of the cell to the action of ionizing radiation Biological effects of low doses of ionising radiation -- long-term consequences Conclusions.
Non-ionizing radiation
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Non-ionizing radiation
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The biological effects of radiation is one of the current interests studies of biologists, doctors and most laboratories of health care. Several papers have analyzed the effects of ionizing radiations or for non-ionizing radiations that we may attend in all domains. In fact we are exposure to many sources of both types. Therefore the analyze their effect depends on the absorbed dose rate of the radiation on human body. it is measured by the energy absorbed according to the ionizing radiation and the electric field to the non-ionizing ones. The waves of all radiations are as a heat source that penetrates the surface that are converted into thermal energy within the material. Therefore The mathematical models of the absorbed dose by Ionizing or Non Ionizing equation consist in bio heat and thermal equation also in dielectric properties which allow us to describe temperature as function of SAR distributions in the human body exposed to both radiations simultaneously. In this study, the 2-D computational analysis is used to study the distribution of the total specific absorption rate (SAR) according to temperature on human's organ exposed to ionizing radiation and the non ionizing one.
Non-ionizing radiation
Absorbed dose rate
Specific absorption rate
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Non-ionizing radiation
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