Decolorization of an azo dye, Reactive Black 5 and MnP production by yeast isolate: Debaryomyces polymorphus
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Yeast extract
Reactive dye
The research uses high performance liquid chromatography to study hydrolysis behavior and hydrolysis kinetics of mixed bifunctional (VS/MCT) reactive dyes-C.I. Reactive Blue 194 in different conditions. The results show that: the two activity group (VS/MCT) of C.I. Reactive Blue 194 are hydrolyzed under alkaline condition. There are three kinds of main hydrolysis products which are hydrolyzed by VS, MCT and both; simultaneously, the process of hydrolysis is accompanied by the fracture of imino bridge. The study also confirms that the hydrolysis of C.I. Reactive Blue 194 is a pseudo first-order reaction as long. With the increase of pH value and temperature, the hydrolysis rate of dye increases.
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Abstract Peroxidases are widespread heme‐containing enzymes able to catalyze the oxidation of a large array of organic substrates. There is growing interest in the measurements of peroxidase activity. We noticed that many substrates used in the routine assays for the biological and cytological determinations of peroxidase could be oxidized by lipoxygenase. We found interesting to set up a procedure to detect selectively peroxidase. In the present note, we report a fluorometric test for peroxidase detection using phenolic compounds or hydroxycoumarins.
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The alkaline hydrolysis of monochlorotriazine reactive dyes under standard con ditions has been studied individually and in mixtures. The rate and extent of hydrolysis have been determined using a high performance thin layer chromatographic technique as well as an analysis of the concentration of chloride ions liberated during hydrolysis. The results indicate that for the pair of dyes where interaction takes place under aqueous alkaline conditions, both the rate and extent of hydrolysis decrease, and when no interaction between the dyes occurs, the hydrolysis of the respective dyes individually and in mixture is the same.
Alkaline hydrolysis
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Hydrolysis kinetics of reactive dye in dye/D5 suspending system was investigated using HPLC to see whether the super low bath ratio dyeing realized by this system had effectively inhibited dye hydrolysis and thus obtained a higher fixation ratio.HPLC analysis of dye hydrolysis kinetics was carried out using C.I.Reactive Red 195 under the simulated hydrolysis conditions at pH=11,and temperature 60～80 ℃.The results showed that hydrolysis of dye in dye/D5 suspending system was much lower than that in aqueous system.The amount of complete hydrolyzed dye after 90 min treatment in the dye/D5 suspending system under simulated conditions at pH=11 was reduced by 27.8% at 60 ℃,57.8% at 70 ℃ and 51.1% at 80 ℃,respectively,as compared with the conventional aqueous system.And when the temperature was identical,the hydrolysis rate in aqueous system was 1.8 times of that in the dye /D5 system.When hydrolysis performed in the presence of fabric in dye/D5 suspending system,the amount of complete hydrolyzed dye was further reduced,and so did the rate constants.
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The growth of Pichia membranefaciens was studied using different nitrogen and carbonsources as substrates. Among nitrogen sources tested, soya peptone, yeast extract power,beef extract and polypeptone were relatively favorable to the growth of yeast. Thedensity of the yeast showed to be directly proportional to carbon sources supplementation.Glucose and fructose were good carbon sources for the yeast growth. However, lactoseshowed poor performance for the cell growth of the yeast. In this study, beef extractpresented a good synergic effect on the yeast growth with different carbonhydrates. Themedium for P.membranefaciens used glucose and beef extract as substrates. The higherconcentration of glucose and beef extract, the better growth of P.membranefaciens. Theaddition of chlorella growth factor (CGF) stimulated markedly the growth of P.membranefaci-ens. The increased concentration of CGF from 0.5 to 1% did not enhance the numbers ofP.membranefaciens. This result will help design a better strategy for scale-up produc-tion of P.membranefaciens.
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Suberin
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Properties of yeast population yeast cell structure chemical composition of yeast cells regulatory and control system in yeast yeast metabolism yeast as a source of proteins pathogenic yeasts determination of yeasts.
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Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. The Yeast Cell 3. Food and Feed Yeast 3.1. Chemical Composition of Yeast 3.2. Production of Yeast Biomass 3.2.1. Baker's Yeast 3.2.2. Active Dry Yeast (ADY) and Instant Active Dry Yeast (IADY) 3.2.3. Candida utilis (Torula) Yeast 3.2.4. Dairy Yeasts 3.2.5. Brewer's Yeasts 3.2.6. Wine Yeasts 3.2.7. Distiller's Yeasts 4. Yeast‐Derived Products 4.1. Flavor Products 4.2. Nutritional Yeast 4.3. Colorants Derived from Yeast 4.4. Yeast‐Derived Enzymes 4.5. Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Products 4.6. Yeast Engineering
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Autolysis (biology)
Yeast extract
Free amino nitrogen
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The research uses high performance liquid chromatography to study hydrolysis behavior and hydrolysis kinetics of mixed bifunctional(VS/MCT)reactive dyes—C.I.Reactive Blue 194 in different conditions.The results show that: the two activity group(VS/MCT) of C.I.Reactive Blue 194 are hydrolyzed under alkaline condition.There are three kinds of main hydrolysis products which are hydrolyzed by VS,MCT and both;simultaneously,the process of hydrolysis is accompanied by the fracture of imino bridge.The study also confirms that the hydrolysis of C.I.Reactive Blue 194 is a pseudo first-order reaction as long.With the increase of pH value and temperature,the hydrolysis rate of dye increases.
Reactive dye
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