Orbital moments of CrO2 and Fe3O4 studied by MCD in soft X-ray absorption
D. J. HuangC. F. ChangJiunn ChenH.‐J. LinS. C. ChungHorng‐Tay JengG. Y. GuoWen-Pei WuShin‐Guang ShyuC.T. Chen
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We present x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements on single layers, bilayers, and trilayers consisting of Ni, Co, and Cu. Using XMCD sum rules, spin and orbital contributions to the total magnetic moment were determined for 2.1 ML Co and 4 ML Ni single layers on Cu(001). In accordance with theory for Co, both spin and orbital moments show an enhancement. In the case of Ni, both spin and orbital moments were reduced. The total magnetic moment of the 4 ML Ni film reduces by a factor of 2 as compared to the Ni bulk. The Curie temperature of both Ni and Co were found to reduce upon capping with Cu. In trilayers, the shape of the Ni magnetization curves were found to be influenced through exchange coupling due to the presence of Co.
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The elemental magnetic moments of Co and Cr in CoCrPt films were investigated using xray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). The spin and orbital moments of Co was calculated using the sum rules; it was found that the magnetic moment of Co in CoCrPt films was dominated by spin moment contribution. The total magnetic moment of Co was found to be lower than that of bulk Co. Further, the Cr moment was aligned anti-ferromagnetically with respect to Co, resulting in a decrease of saturation magnetization (Ms) in CoCrPt films.
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Using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) the vanadium and cobalt magnetic moments at the V/Co interface have been extracted for different V and Co thicknesses. We find a large magnetic moment induced on the V that is coupled antiferromagnetic to the Co. For Co both the spin and orbital moments are reduced at the interface. The evolution of the magnetic moment together with the spectral changes in the V ${L}_{2,3}$ XMCD upon V deposition demonstrate the complexity of the V/Co interface as manifested in its physical properties. We show how the hybridization at the interface between the Co and V can lead to a transfer of the exchange interaction, resulting in the modified magnetic moments. The change in the number of Co $3d$ holes, extracted from x-ray absorption spectroscopy, shows that the charge transfer over the interface is small, indicating that it can not be responsible for the change in the magnetic moments.
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We report the observation of a magnetic moment on vanadium embedded in copper. Using x-ray-absorption spectroscopy and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism we show that the vanadium atomic magnetic moment is strongly dependent on the formation temperature of the VCu alloy. The absorption spectra allow us to distinguish the electronic transitions which are the signature of the magnetic state from the nonmagnetic states. We discuss the temperature dependence of the magnetic moment of vanadium and show that alloys prepared at 250 and 270 K do follow a ferrimagnetic behavior rather than a Curie-Weiss law.
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Magnetic Ni clusters, with an average diameter of 1.9 nm, were prepared by ion implantation in a sintered AlN matrix. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements were performed on this sample at 100 K and 300 K, by measuring the edges of Ni under a magnetic field of T. Using the sum rules currently applied to the bulk transition metals, we deduce a total magnetic moment and the orbital and spin contributions to this moment. The magnetic moment is in good agreement with the values measured by SQUID magnetometry at the same temperatures.
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X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements have been performed on Ni/Pt multilayers at a temperature of 10 K. The element specificity and shell selectivity of the technique allows us to probe Ni and Pt magnetic moments and to separate them into their constituent spin (μS) and orbital (μL) magnetic moments. The Ni magnetic moment at the interface is found to be reduced. However, magnetically “dead” Ni layers are unambiguously ruled out. Induced Pt magnetic moments up to about 0.3 μB/atom are reported. The results are compared to ab initio calculations and to previous experiments performed on NiPt alloys. The role of intermixing in the reduction of the Ni magnetic moments is also discussed.
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Interface perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in ultrathin Fe/MgO (001) has been investigated using angular-dependent x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). We found that anisotropic orbital magnetic moments deduced from the analysis of XMCD contribute to the large PMA energies, whose values depend on the annealing temperature. The large PMA energies determined from magnetization measurements are related to those estimated from the XMCD and the anisotropic orbital magnetic moments through the spin-orbit interaction. The enhancement of anisotropic orbital magnetic moments can be explained mainly by the hybridization between the Fe 3dz2 and O 2pz states.
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Studies of the Ag induced magnetic moments at the interfaces in an [Ni81Fe19(29 Å)/Ag(11 Å)]135 multilayer by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and x-ray resonant magnetic scattering (XRMS) at the Ag L2,3 edges are reported. This allows us to quantify the interfacial magnetic moments as well as the extension through the silver layer. From the experimental XMCD spectra and thanks to the use of full relativistic band structure calculations, we succeed in extracting quantitative spin and orbital magnetic moments held by the 4d states of silver. Moreover, we show that, although silver has an almost full 4d band, magneto-optical sum rules can be safely applied in the case of the noble metal L edges. We find from XMCD that Ag is polarized by Ni81Fe19 and has a total magnetic moment of 0.0136 μB spatially averaged over the 11 Å layer thickness. XRMS analysis indicates that this induced polarization is enhanced at the interface but remains present inside the whole Ag layer, demonstrating the existence of an indirect coupling between the NiFe layers through the non-magnetic spacer.
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The disorder–order transition of a highly defective A2-ordered Cu 2 MnAl film on MgO(0 0 1) upon annealing at 600 K was monitored by means of x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at the Cu and Mn L 2,3 edges. Additionally, x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) was employed to determine element-specific orbital and spin resolved magnetic moments of the Cu and Mn atoms. A small induced total magnetic moment of ≈0.04 ± 0.01μ B per atom was detected at the Cu sites, whereas a total magnetic moment of 3.57 ± 0.52μ B is carried by the Mn atoms. The experimental XAS and XMCD spectra of Cu agree reasonably with the results from ab initio calculations, magnetic moments derived by the sum rules are in accordance with the calculations.
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