Guardianship and residential burglary
73
Citation
14
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Abstract:
Guardianship is a key element in the routine activities approach to understanding crime. This paper examines the effects of guardianship on residential burglary. Several features distinguish these analyses from prior work: 1) both primary and proxy guardianship are included: 2) a more direct indicator of primary guardianship is used; and 3) the effects of guardianship on both the initial risk of burglary and the probability that the crime will be completed are examined. The findings suggest that the effects of guardianship on residential burglary may have been underestimated in prior research. The analyses also show that a complete understanding of the effects of guardianship—especially proxy guardianship—on the entire burglary process will require simultaneous consideration of victimization and offending perspectives.Keywords:
Legal guardian
Proxy (statistics)
The onset of extreme social distancing measures is expected to have a dramatic impact on crime. Here, we examine the impact of mandated, city-wide social distancing orders aimed at limiting the spread of COVID-19 on gang-related crime in Los Angeles. We hypothesize that the unique subcultural processes surrounding gangs may supersede calls to shelter in place and allow gang-related crime to persist. If the normal guardianship of people and property is also disrupted by social distancing, then we expect gang violence to increase. Using autoregressive time series models, we show that gang-related crime remained stable and crime hot spots largely stationary following the onset of shelter in place.In responding to disruptions to social and economic life on the scale of the present pandemic, both police and civilian organizations need to anticipate continued demand, all while managing potential reductions to workforce. Police are faced with this challenge across a wide array of crime types. Civilian interventionists tasked with responding to gang-related crime need to be prepared for continued peacekeeping and violence interruption activities, but also an expansion of responsibilities to deal with "frontline" or "street-level" management of public health needs.
Social distance
Legal guardian
Pandemic
Property crime
Cite
Citations (37)
This study was conducted on a sample of 589 adult public conservatees in Los Angeles County, California, to determine whether the process used to assign them into conservatorship is age-blind, as California law suggests. Findings indicate that age is not associated with the amount of time spent evaluating adults for conservatorship but that increasing age, rather than need, is associated with assignment into Probate conservatorship. The association of age with Probate conservatorship appears to result from the vagueness of the criteria for Probate conservatorship – unable to manage – resulting in the use of age as a proxy for need in the case of decisionally impaired older adults.
Probate
Proxy (statistics)
Legal guardian
Vagueness
Cite
Citations (4)
There are circumstances where independent consent to research by children is appropriate (for example, where the participants are older adolescents and the research approximates minimal risk). However, in many instances an important safeguard will be a dual consenting process involving an appropriate adult alongside the potential child participant (according to their evolving capacities). But what adults are appropriate in what instances? We attempt to use principles set out in the Children’s Act (2010) to address this question. This article differentiates between those adults who according to the Children’s Act (2010) have full parental responsibilities and rights (i.e. parents/guardians) and those who have no parental responsibilities and rights (i.e. caregivers). We argue that some responsibilities accorded to caregivers are substantially similar to the authority to provide proxy consent to research in which the research risks approximate those risks present in the child’s everyday life. In these instances, we argue that where parents and guardians are not available, caregivers should be considered by research ethics committees as a possible source of proxy consent for younger children. This approach might not be logically extended to caregiver consent for clinical trial enrolment, for which alternative arguments may need to be debated.
Proxy (statistics)
Parental consent
Research Ethics
Legal guardian
Cite
Citations (18)
Respecting patient’s autonomy and abiding by rules of confidentiality are both important in patient-physician relationships. However, balancing between these rules requires comprehensive assessment of other contextual factors, such as the patient’s best interest, his/her real intention, possible harms and suitability of proxy in case of the patient’s becoming unconscious. In this case, a 35-year-old female patient who attempted suicide asked the clinicians not to inform her family members, and her boyfriend who is not a legally authorized guardian was to be making proxy decision. Clinicians should judge that her boyfriend to be sufficient to make further medical decision for her or not. To solve these conflicts, possible harms should be identified, weighed and finally judged to be overridden by the rule of confidentiality and autonomy. And we reviewed the Korean legal system about proxy decision making in medical practice.
Guardian
Proxy (statistics)
Patient confidentiality
Legal guardian
Medical Decision Making
Cite
Citations (0)
Proxy (statistics)
Legal guardian
Cite
Citations (1)
There has been recent interest in applying contemporary criminological theories to better understand historical criminal behavior and events. Retrospective studies—much like case studies—can be a useful methodology to help us understand the justice system responses to crime and in particular what strategies “worked” or were ineffective. This study examined 241 train robberies that occurred between 1866 and 1930 and found that routine activities theory can explain the origins, growth, and eradication of this violent and often costly crime. Reducing offender motivation and target attractiveness as well as increasing capable guardianship of shipments of attractive goods explains the eradication of this form of crime. Implications for a criminology of public transportation are discussed.
Legal guardian
Criminal behaviour
Cite
Citations (1)
Minor-aged patients are often brought to the pediatrician for nonurgent acute medical care or health supervision visits by someone other than their custodial parent or guardian. These surrogates can be members of the child's extended family, such as a grandparent or aunt. In cases of divorce and remarriage, a noncustodial parent or stepparent may accompany the patient. Sometimes, children are brought for care by adults living in the home who are not biologically or legally related to the child. In some instances, a child care professional (eg, au pair, nanny) brings the pediatric patient for medical care. This report identifies common situations in which pediatricians may encounter "consent by proxy" for nonurgent medical care for minors and explains the potential for liability exposure associated with these circumstances. The report suggests practical steps that balance the need to minimize the physician's liability exposure with the patient's access to health care. Key issues to be considered when creating or updating office policies for obtaining and documenting consent by proxy are offered.
Proxy (statistics)
Legal guardian
Guardian
Remarriage
Medical Home
Cite
Citations (28)
Experimental criminology is a part of a larger and increasingly expanding scientific research and evidence-based movement in social policy. The essays in this volume report on new and innovative contributions that experimental criminology is making to basic scientific knowledge and public policy. Contributors explore cutting-edge experimental and quasi-experimental methods and their application to important and topical issues in criminology and criminal justice, including neurological predictors of violence, peer influence on delinquency, routine activities and capable guardianship, early childhood prevention programs, hot spots policing, and correctional treatment for juvenile and adult offenders. It is the first book to examine the full scope of experimental criminology, from experimental tests - in the field and in the laboratory - of criminological theories and concepts to experimental and quasi-experimental evaluations of crime prevention and criminal justice interventions.
Scope (computer science)
Legal guardian
Criminal behaviour
Cite
Citations (23)
Proxy (statistics)
Guardian
Pediatric research
Parental consent
Best interests
Legal guardian
Cite
Citations (8)
Directive
Proxy (statistics)
Advance Care Planning
Legal guardian
Cite
Citations (0)