Measurement of hydrothermal heat flux using a sonar deployed on the Canadian Neptune cabled observatory
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The Cabled Observatory Vent Imaging Sonar (COVIS) was deployed at the Main Endeavour Field node of the Canadian NEPTUNE cabled observatory in September 2010 and has acquired long time series on plume and diffuse hydrothermal flows. This talk will focus on recent efforts by the Rutgers-APL collaboration to invert sonar data to determine heat flux from the Grotto plume complex. Inversion employs plume theory to relate velocity as determined by Doppler shift to buoyancy flux, hence heat flux. The primary uncertainties have to do with plume bending due to ambient current and short sampling times relative to dynamic changes in plume shape. These uncertainties have been quantified by means of special high-statistics experiments using COVIS. Time series for heat flux will be compared with ground truth obtained by thermometry using an ROV. [Work supported by NSF Grants OCE-0824612 and OCE-0825088.]Keywords:
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Author's Preface.-List of illustrations and tables.-1. The Discovery of Neptune.-2. Neptune's position in the Solar System.-3. Discovery of the two largest satellites.-4. Speculation about Neptune's rings.-5. Other pre-Voyager Neptune observations.-6. The saga of Voyager 2.-7. The Voyager 2 encounter with Neptune.-8. The interior of Neptune.-9. The atmosphere of Neptune.-10. The magnetosphere of Neptune.-11. The rings of Neptune.-12. The satellites of Neptune.-13. Post-Voyager observations of Neptune.-14. Comparative planetology of the four gas giant planets.-Further reading.-Index.
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Foreword 1. Introduction 2. Neptune in the solar system 3. The discovery of Neptune 4. Pre-discovery observations 5. Early theories of Neptune 6. Neptune before Voyager 7. The Voyager vision Structure of Neptune 8. Magnetosphere of Neptune 9. Rings of Neptune Satellites of Neptune 10. Beyond Neptune 11. Farewell 12. Voyager 2 Appendix: Data for Neptune Satellite Data.
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The small eccentricity of Neptune may be a direct consequence of apsidal wave interaction with the trans-Neptune population of debris called the Kuiper belt. The Kuiper belt is subject to resonant perturbations from Neptune, so that the transport of angular momentum by density waves can result in orbital evolution of Neptune as well as changes in the structure of the Kuiper belt. In particular, for a belt eroded out to the vicinity of Neptune's 2:1 resonance at about 48 astronomical units, Neptune's eccentricity can damp to its current value over the age of the solar system if the belt contains slightly more than an earth mass of material out to about 75 astronomical units.
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The planetary system the discovery of Neptune pre-discovery observations and the orbit of Neptune Lassells ring Neptune as a planet structure and appearance of Neptune the atmosphere of Neptune radio waves and the Neptunian magnetosphere rings or arcs? triton and nereid origin of the Neptunian system beyond Neptune Voyager to Neptune appendix 1 - data appendix 2 - Airys account, 13 November 1846.
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The perturbation of Uranus by Neptune is analyzed in a simple model, in which the unperturbed orbits are regarded as circular and coplanar. Both the forward problem of calculating the deviation in the position of Uranus and the inverse problem of using the observed deviations to infer the elements of Neptune are attempted. The model accounts for the data quite well, offering a simple understanding of its features. Because the perturbation is nearly resonant, the effect of Neptune is actually an order of magnitude larger than the historically reported remaining deviation and the inverse problem also admits a fairly good solution that places Neptune in a diametrically opposite position.
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Neptune Trojans and Plutinos are two subpopulations of trans-Neptunian objects located in the 1:1 and the 3:2 mean motion resonances with Neptune, respectively, and therefore protected from close encounters with the planet. However, the orbits of these two kinds of objects may cross very often, allowing a higher collisional rate between them than with other kinds of trans-Neptunian objects, and a consequent size distribution modification of the two subpopulations. Observational colors and absolute magnitudes of Neptune Trojans and Plutinos show that i) there are no intrinsically bright (large) Plutinos at small inclinations; ii) there is an apparent excess of blue and intrinsically faint (small) Plutinos; and iii) Neptune Trojans possess the same blue colors as Plutinos within the same (estimated) size range do. For the present subpopulations we analyzed the most favorable conditions for close encounters/collisions and address any link there could be between those encounters and the sizes and/or colors of Plutinos and Neptune Trojans. We also performed a simultaneous numerical simulation of the outer Solar System over 1 Gyr for all these bodies in order to estimate their collisional rate. We conclude that orbital overlap between Neptune Trojans and Plutinos is favored for Plutinos with large libration amplitudes, high eccentricities, and small inclinations. Additionally, with the assumption that the collisions can be disruptive creating smaller objects not necessarily with similar colors, the present high concentration of small Plutinos with small inclinations can thus be a consequence of a collisional interaction with Neptune Trojans and such hypothesis should be further analyzed.
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Voyager 2 completed its “grand tour” of the outer solar system in 1989 by returning the first in situ observations of Neptune, its rings, and its satellites. The probe revealed that the Neptunian system is dynamic and diverse. Major discoveries include atmospheric bands and large storms on Neptune, the existence and orientation of Neptune's magnetic field, a system of four dark rings, six small satellites, and the geologically spectacular and active surface of Neptune's largest moon, Triton. The observations offer important clues to the origin and evolution of the Neptunian system and the outer solar system and raise many new questions.
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view Abstract Citations (14) References (13) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS The source of Neptune's internal heat and the value of Neptune's tidal dissipation factor. Trafton, L. Abstract The suggestion is made that Neptune's observed internal heating is the action of tidal torques between Triton and Neptune in despinning the planet and causing the orbital decay of Triton's orbit. These result from the frictional dissipation of tides within Neptune. It is shown that the considered process implies a value of the tidal dissipation factor of approximately 170. The results of the investigation do not change the conclusion which follows from the lack of internal heating for Uranus that the interiors of Uranus and Neptune differ significantly. Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Pub Date: October 1974 DOI: 10.1086/153183 Bibcode: 1974ApJ...193..477T Keywords: Heat Sources; Internal Energy; Natural Satellites; Neptune (Planet); Planetary Temperature; Tides; Brightness Temperature; Dissipation; Heat Generation; Orbit Decay; Planetary Structure; Two Body Problem; Lunar and Planetary Exploration full text sources ADS |
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