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Clonorchis sinensis
Loa loa
Brugia malayi
Taenia solium
Parasitology
Clonorchiasis,known as liver fluke disease isa zoonosis caused by Clonorchis sinensis.The parasites can infect various kinds of animals.At present,the isolation and identification of Clonorchis sinensis mainly focused in adults or metacercariae,but little in eggs.The method to extract DNAs in feces infected with Clonorchis sinensis and detect gene products of Clonorchis sinensis by PCR were successfully established,and the PCR system were optimized,which provided scientific basis on the molecular level for detecting eggs of Clonorchis sinensis.
Clonorchis sinensis
Clonorchiasis
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Parasitic nematodes responsible for filarial diseases cause chronic disablement in humans worldwide. Elimination programs have substantially reduced the rate of infection in certain areas, but limitations of current diagnostics for population surveillance have been pointed out and improved assays are needed to reach the elimination targets. While serological tests detecting antibodies to parasite antigens are convenient tools, those currently available are compromised by the occurrence of antibodies cross-reactive between nematodes, as well as by the presence of residual antibodies in sera years after treatment and clearance of the infection. We recently characterized the N-linked and glycosphingolipid derived glycans of the parasitic nematode Brugia malayi and revealed the presence of various antigenic structures that triggered immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses in infected individuals. To address the specificity of IgG binding to these glycan antigens, we screened microarrays containing Brugia malayi glycans with plasma from uninfected individuals and from individuals infected with Loa loa, Onchocerca volvulus, Mansonella perstans and Wuchereria bancrofti, four closely related filarial nematodes. IgG to a restricted subset of cross-reactive glycans was observed in infection plasmas from all four species. In plasma from Onchocerca volvulus and Mansonella perstans infected individuals, IgG binding to many more glycans was additionally detected, resulting in total IgG responses similar to the ones of Brugia malayi infected individuals. For these infection groups, Brugia malayi, Onchocerca volvulus and Mansonella perstans, we further studied the different IgG subclasses to Brugia malayi glycans. In all three infections, IgG1 and IgG2 appeared to be the major subclasses involved in response to glycan antigens. Interestingly, in Brugia malayi infected individuals, we observed a marked reduction in particular in IgG2 to parasite glycans post-treatment with anthelminthic, suggesting a promising potential for diagnostic applications. Thus, we compared the IgG response to a broad repertoire of Brugia malayi glycans in individuals infected with various filarial nematodes. We identified broadly cross-reactive and more specific glycan targets, extending the currently scarce knowledge of filarial nematode glycosylation and host anti-glycan antibody response. We believe that our initial findings could be further exploited to develop disease-specific diagnostics as part of an integrated approach for filarial disease control.
Brugia malayi
Loa loa
Lymphatic Filariasis
Brugia pahangi
Microfilaria
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Adult Clonorchis sinensis not only occurs in human hepatic duct, but also in the liver, gallbladder and bile ducts of animals, including dogs and cats, thus causing clonorchiasis-one of important parasitic zoonoses. In present study, we dissected a domestic cat in which a total of 736 pieces of trematodes, identified as Clonorchis sinensis, were detected in the liver and cholecyst. The findings indicate that Clonorchis sinensis may be endemic in domestic animals in Wuhu area, and observe our awareness in prevention of the parasites in house pets.[摘要] 华支睾吸虫成虫常寄生于人体肝胆管内, 也寄生于狗、猫等动物的肝、胆囊及胆管, 可引起华支睾吸虫病——一种重要的人兽共患寄生虫病。本研究通过解剖1例家猫, 从其肝脏和胆囊中检获虫体共736条, 经鉴定为华支睾吸虫。这一发现提示芜湖地区有动物华支睾吸虫病流行, 应重视宠物寄生虫感染的防治。.
Clonorchis sinensis
Clonorchiasis
Parasitic Disease
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Objective To investigate infection situation of Clonorchis sinensis infection in freshwater fish in Shenzhen area, and to control the transmission and spread of Clonorchis sinensis in Shenzhen area. Methods Freshwater fishes from Nanshan, Futian, Yantian, Luohu, Baoan and Longgang were examined for metacercaria of Clonorchis sinensis using digestion method and PCR. Results The encysted metacercaria of Clonorchis sinensis were found in the muscles of freshwater fishes collected from the above six districts.The situation of metacercaria of Clonorchis sinensis infection in freshwater fishes was the most serious in Longgang and less serious in Luohu. The infection rate of campo was the highest in all kinds of the fish. Conclusion The infection situation of Clonorchis sinensis in feshwater fish from Shenzhen area was quite severe and the control of Clonorchis sinensis infection must be enforced.
Clonorchis sinensis
Clonorchiasis
Fresh water fish
Infection rate
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In order to compare the immunodiagnostic value of excretory-secretory (E-S) antigens derived from adult Brugia malayi worms with somatic antigens derived from adults, microfilariae (Mf) and infective larvae (L3) of these parasites, well defined serum pools from patients with filarial (brugia, bancrofti, loa and perstans) and non-filarial (ascaris, stronglyoides, toxocara, echinococcus, cysticercus and schistosoma) helminth infections were tested against antigens derived from these different life cycle stages of B. malayi in a Staphylococcus aureus radioimmunoprecipitation assay (S. aureus RIA). The adult brugia antigens proved significantly more discriminatory than those of the other parasite stages, with the homologous brugia serum pool also showing greater reactivity to adult than to L3 and Mf antigens. Similar results were obtained when individual sera from patients (rather than serum pools) were tested in the same assay. The most surprising finding was the minimal reactivity seen between the adult filarial antigens and the non-filarial serum pools despite the presence in these pools of strong antibody reactivity with their homologous antigens. The reasons underlying the unexpected specificity of this S. aureus RIA for discriminating among sera from filarial and non-filarial infections were analysed qualitatively by immunoprecipitation techniques. It was found that use of the chloramine-T method for radioiodination resulted in preferential labelling of the low molecular weight (mol. wt) proteins (10-70,000 daltons) in the B. malayi adult somatic antigen and that these antigens were bound primarily by the filarial and not the non-filarial serum pools. These findings suggest that lower mol. wt helminth antigens may show greater species specificity than those with higher mol. wt, and those with higher mol. wt, greater cross-reactivity. If substantiated by further analysis, such results would have important implications for the subsequent isolation of diagnostically important filarial parasite antigens.
Brugia malayi
Ascaris
Loa loa
Somatic antigen
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Objective To investigate the current status of Clonorchis sinensis infection in Jiangmen, Xinhui City. Methods The specific antibody of Clonorchis sinensis in serum was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Clonorchis sinensis eggs in feces were detected by modified Kato-Katz method when the serum test was positive. The metacercaria of Clonorchis sinensis in fresh water fish were detected by digestion assay. Questionnaire was designed to collect the life style information about eating habits, etc. By using a case-control method, the risk factors of Clonorchis sinensis infection were also analyzed. Results 1 720 subjects were studied, and 18.14% of them were infected. The infection rate was significantly higher in male than in female. The metacercaria of Clonorchis sinensis was found in all 6 species of fresh water fish. Finally, eating behaviors, such as eating out and predilection for eating not-fully boiled fish, were the most significant risk factors. Conclusion The infection rate of Clonorchis sinensis in Xinhui was relatively higher,and it has been a severe public health problem. The comprehensive control measures should be actively conducted.
Clonorchis sinensis
Clonorchiasis
Fresh water fish
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Filarial worms are nematodes or roundworms that dwell in the subcutaneous tissues and the lymphatics. Although eight filarial species commonly infect humans, six are typically considered blood borne, in that the parasite stages infectious for the vector reside in the blood. These are the causative agents of lymphatic filariasis: Brugia malayi, B. timori, Wuchereria bancrofti, Loa loa, and two Mansonella species, M. ozzardi and M. perstans. Taken together, these human filarial parasites infect an estimated 200 million persons worldwide. There are significant differences in the clinical manifestations of filariasis, or at least in the time course over which these infections are required, in patients native to the endemic areas and those who are travellers to, or recent arrivals in, these same areas. Figure 18a.4 (Differential charactizations of microfilariae) is reproduced from Clinical Parasitology, 7th Edition, by Craig and Faust (1964), Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, PA. The publisher's homepage can be accessed at www.lww.com.
Brugia malayi
Loa loa
Lymphatic Filariasis
Microfilaria
Parasitology
Chyluria
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Clonorchis sinensis
Giardia lamblia
Giardia
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The prevalence of filarial infections in the tropics is second only to that of geohelminth (soil-transmitted helminth) infections. Filarial infections in humans include the various forms of lymphatic filariasis (Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and B. timori), onchocerciasis (Onchocerca volvulus), loiasis (Loa loa), and mansonellosis (Mansonella streptocerca, M. perstans, and M. ozzardi).About 120 million people currently have lymphatic filariasis, and about 1 billion people are considered to be at risk for infection. Lymphatic filariasis remains endemic in 81 countries and is prevalent on all continents except Australia. Approximately 37 million people have . . .
Lymphatic Filariasis
Brugia malayi
Loa loa
Microfilaria
Elephantiasis
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