Tobacco industry lawyers as "disease vectors"
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Abstract:
Despite their obligation to do so, tobacco companies often failed to conduct product safety research or, when research was conducted, failed to disseminate the results to the medical community and to the public. The tobacco company lawyers' role in these actions was investigated with a focus on their involvement in company scientific research, claims of attorney-client privilege and work-product cover, document concealment, and litigation tactics.Searches of previously secret internal tobacco industry documents located at Tobacco Documents Online. Additional searches included court transcripts, legal cases and articles obtained through Westlaw, PubMed, and the internet.Tobacco company lawyers have been involved in activities having little or nothing to do with the practice of law, including gauging and attempting to influence company scientists' beliefs, vetting in-house scientific research, and instructing in-house scientists not to publish potentially damaging results. Additionally, company lawyers have taken steps to manufacture attorney-client privilege and work-product cover to assist their clients in protecting sensitive documents from disclosure, have been involved in the concealment of such documents, and have employed litigation tactics that have largely prevented successful lawsuits against their client companies.Tobacco related diseases have proliferated partly because of tobacco company lawyers. Their tactics have impeded the flow of information about the dangers of smoking to the public and the medical community. Additionally, their extravagantly aggressive litigation tactics have pushed many plaintiffs into dropping their cases before trial, thus reducing the opportunities for changes to be made to company policy in favour of public health. Stricter professional oversight is needed to ensure that this trend does not continue.Keywords:
Tobacco Industry
Publication
Obligation
Vetting
Public disclosure
Vetting
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The activities of the New Zealand Police Vetting Service are often little understood. However, the Vetting Service fulfil an important public function of protecting vulnerable members of society from the risk of harm. To do so, the Vetting Service have the power to disclose information which the Police and Ministry of Justice hold on record about an individual, including non-conviction information (that which has not been tested before a court of law), to a range of agencies, such as prospective employers of licensing bodies. This necessarily has serious consequences on the privacy rights of the individuals concerned. At present, police vetting is conducted in the absence of any guiding legislation. In 2016, the Independent Police Conduct Authority recommended consideration be given to the development of a legislative scheme for vetting. This paper renews this call to action, and seeks to understand why, from a legal perspective, a legislative scheme is necessary. Having done so, it then seeks to provide recommendations as to the form and substance of the statutory framework advocated for.
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The 1990s state litigation that resulted in the tobacco industry's initial document disclosure obligations fully expired in 2010. These obligations have been extended and enhanced until 2021 through a federal lawsuit against the tobacco industry over violations of the Racketeer Influenced Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO). In this special communication, we summarise and explain the new legal framework and enhanced document disclosure obligations of the major US tobacco companies. We describe the events leading up to these new requirements, including the tobacco companies' failed attempt to close the Minnesota Tobacco Document Depository, the release of 100 000 documents onto the companies' document websites discovered to have been publicly available at the Minnesota Tobacco Document Depository but not online, and the addition of over 2300 documents to those websites, which are also now publicly available at Minnesota after being secured for years in a separate, non-public storage room at the Minnesota Tobacco Document Depository. We also detail the document indexing enhancements and redesign of the University of California, San Francisco's Legacy Tobacco Documents Library website, made possible by the RICO litigation, and which is anticipated to be released in September 2014. Last, we highlight the public health community's continued opportunity to expose the US tobacco industry's efforts to undermine public health through these new search enhancements and improved document accessibility and due to the continuously growing document collection until at least 2021.
Tobacco Industry
Lawsuit
Public disclosure
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This article forms the second part of an examination of the law relating to the vetting and barring system for teachers and those who have access to children. It was seen in the first article (Gillespie, 2006, Education and the Law, 18(1), 19-30) that controversy had erupted when it was disclosed that some teachers were allowed to remain in the teaching profession even after being cautioned for child sex offences. The government sought to review the operation of List 99 (the name given to the list of those barred from teaching) and in the longer term wished to completely rethink its approach to the vetting and barring system. This article critiques these proposals and assesses whether they will be any more effective at protecting vulnerable members of society.
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The vetting of senior professional positions in hospitals is related not only to the development of staff members,but also to the quality of the medical service.It is a multiple-stage process,which involves individuals and every department of a hospital,and is associated with a good understanding of policy and professional knowledge.Naturally,the vetting of senior professional position may bring about many new conditions and problems now and then,which pose challenges that need to be perceived and solved in time.The this article focuses on the resolution of the problems that may arise during the vetting process of senior professional positions of a hospital,and proposes suggestions for the improvement of the vetting.
Key words:
Human resources management; Professional technical position vetting
Vetting
Position (finance)
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Vetting
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To help inform the U.S. government in its efforts to improve the vetting processes for public trust and national security positions and protect its assets and information, the authors assembled a selected bibliography of relevant literature. The bibliography is organized into 13 categories, each containing a short summary and analysis of the respective literature, and it also examines the practices of the Five Eyes community partners.
Vetting
Bibliography
Annotated bibliography
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This discussion examines how security and counterintelligence vetting practices vary across domains and how this informs our understanding of counterintelligence disciplines. Organizations in each domain must ensure that persons admitted as insiders can be trusted with sensitive information and the organization’s security. We look at some examples of counterintelligence vetting, seeking commonalities in vetting needs and practices between armed groups, corporations, and states. We compare, in depth, the vetting practices of Lebanese Hezbollah, the reconstituted Syrian intelligence services, the drug-trafficking group known as Los Zetas, and High-Value Technology Companies (HVTCs). The evident regularities and commonalities in counterintelligence vetting suggest cross-domain and cross-cultural targets for exploitation.
Vetting
Counterintelligence
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Abstract In the transitional justice literature, vetting has a prominent place and is the most frequently discussed measure to prevent the recurrence of abuses. This chapter situates vetting in the framework of jus post bellum and argues that vetting can contribute to a variety of distinct aims and hence, appeals simultaneously to various concerns and audiences. The chapter moves to describe the many reasons why vetting processes can fail and have failed, and cautions against a myopic approach to vetting that fails to link vetting to related processes. It concludes arguing that vetting can fulfil the high expectations often placed onto it only if basic rights are respected in the process, if done within a reasonable timeframe and with proportionate resources, and if embedded in a comprehensive prevention strategy.
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The main purpose of this thesis is to highlight the importance of Vetting, TMSA and the
effect of their results to a company’s overall appearance, economic growth, long term
sustainability and commercial transactions with first class oil majors. Specifically, the second
chapter refers to Vetting and its procedures, followed by a presentation of its main tool
namely VIQ, the questionnaire through which an inspector accesses the nominated vessel.
Furthermore, reference is made to the TMSA, which is the respective vetting for the office
and is of the utmost importance for time charter contracts with oil major. However when it
comes to a potential voyage charter the attention it is drawn to the fields of Vetting and
respectively on the VIQ. Finally in the last chapter a case study is presented which aims to
highlight the importance of vetting and TMSA for tanker operators aiming to fix potential
businesses with oil majors.
Vetting
Presentation (obstetrics)
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