Body composition in patients with short bowel syndrome: An assessment by bioelectric impedance spectroscopy (BIS) and dual–energy absorptiometry (DXA)
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Keywords:
Body water
Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry
Dual energy
Mean difference
Fat free mass
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis
Bland–Altman plot
Bone mineral content
透析患者195例中評価可能な115例を対象に, 腎性骨異栄養症 (広義のROD) の疼痛scoreとDEXA骨密度測定の意義を検討するため, 測定部位別骨密度すなわち, 中手骨, 腰椎 (L2-L4), 大腿骨の骨密度と各種骨パラメータ検査値, および中手骨のmicrodensitometry (MD法) のパラメータの相関性と有用性を検討した. 透析歴で5年未満, 10年未満, 15年未満, 15年以上の4群間でDEXAによる骨塩量を中手骨, 腰椎, 大腿骨で測定値を比較すると, 中手骨でのみ群間で有意差を認めた. 10年以上の長期透析群の骨密度の検討では男性では10年未満に比して有意に低値を示したが, 女性群の10年未満の症例ですでに骨密度は低下していて長期透析群と同程度であった. また疼痛scoreによる患者群別でも中手骨の骨密度が群間で有意差を認めたが腰椎では差を認めなかった. DEXAによる各部位の骨塩量を目的変量として多変量解析すると, 中手骨では疼痛score, 透析歴, 年齢の順で寄与率が高く, 大腿骨頸部では, C-PTH, 年齢, Ca×P, calcitoninに, 腰椎ではC-PTH, 年齢に高い結果を得た. DEXAによる骨塩量の測定でも, 透析歴および疼痛scoreを反映する骨塩量の変化は皮質骨主体の中手骨で認められ, 腰椎のDEXA骨密度は治療効果の経過観察に適している可能性があることが示唆された.
Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry
Bone mineral content
Dual energy
Standard score
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Bone mineral content
Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry
Dual energy
Lean tissue
Skeleton (computer programming)
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Dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), a non‐invasive method for measuring small amounts of mineral, was used to assess the bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine (5 vertebrae) in 57 newborns (on day 1‐2) and 22 infants (1‐24 months of age). A modified high‐resolution program (Hologic) allowed us to assess BMC and BMD with a precision higher than 2.4% and 1.5%, respectively. In newborns, BMC and BMD correlated positively with birth weight, body area, length and gestational age: r = 0.73, 0.71, 0.63 and 0.60, respectively, for BMC; and r =0.59, 0.58, 0.54 and 0.53, respectively, for BMD. In infants, both BMC and BMD were highly correlated with weight, age, length and body area over two years ( r = 0.94 or better in each instance). The data provide normal values for lumbar spine BMC and BMD in newborns (gestational age 31‐40) and infants up to two years of age; DXA appears to be an excellent and safe tool for pediatric bone mineral measurements.
Bone mineral content
Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry
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Bone mineral content
Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry
Dual energy
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Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is widely viewed as the preferred method to assess pediatric bone mineral content because of its speed, precision, and minimal radiation exposure, and the availability of pediatric reference data. DEXA can also be used to estimate body composition precisely with minimal patient cooperation. Accurate interpretation of DEXA data in children requires consideration of bone size, pubertal stage, skeletal maturation, ethnicity and body composition. Bone mineral content may be underestimated in smaller children and overestimated in larger ones. Corrections for skeletal age or sexual maturity may also be needed in children with advanced or delayed growth. Errors in body composition measurement occur because body fat and fat-free mass are not distributed uniformly. In addition, fat mass present adjacent to bone will influence the measurement of bone mineral content. In conclusion, DEXA is a valuable tool for assessing pediatric bone health, but accurate interpretation of densitometry results requires recognition of a myriad of pitfalls.
Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry
Bone mineral content
Densitometry
Dual energy
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Bone mineral content
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Bone mineral content
Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry
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Bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm2) in the distal portion of the third metacarpal bone (McIII) of racehorses was measured by a dual energy x-ray absorptiometry system (DEXA; DCS-3000, ALOKA Co, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) in vitro, and compared with bone mineral content (BMC, g/cm2) evaluated by a single photon absorptiometry system (SPA: Model 278 A, Norland Co., Fort Atkinson, U.S.A.; radioactive source was 241Am-45mCi). The BMD values measured by DEXA were positively correlated with the BMC values measured by SPA, which has been used to quantitatively assess BMC with high accuracy and reproducibility in racehorses, at 0.01-0.0001 level with a correlative coefficient (r) of 0.625-0.995 (n=30). The reproducibility of values measured by DEXA shows a satisfactory coefficient value (3%), almost same as that (2.7%) of SPA. These results suggest the potential applications of DEXA as a quantifying instrument for the measurement of bone mass of the McIII in racehorses.
Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry
Bone mineral content
Dual energy
Coefficient of variation
Photon energy
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Measurement of total body bone mineral content and body composition has not previously been convenient in the newborn. X-ray densitometry, otherwise known as dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), has been used in adults to assess with accuracy and precision the total body mineral content, lean mass, and fat. Body composition measurements were determined in vivo by DEXA in term newborns, and they were compared with values reported by chemical analysis of the cadaver, with skin-fold thickness measurements, and with bone mineral content measured by single photon absorptiometry. The intermeasurement coefficient of variation was < or = 2.5% for bone mineral content, and < or = 1% for fat and lean mass. The values for bone mineral content, fat, and lean mass fall within the ranges expected based on the reported values measured by chemical analysis of the infant cadaver. Triceps and quadriceps skin-fold measurements were best correlated with total body fat as measured by DEXA. The bone mineral content of the distal third radius site as measured by single photon absorptiometry in newborns showed significant correlation with total body bone mineral content. DEXA provides a reproducible and convenient method for the determination of body composition in newborns.
Bone mineral content
Densitometry
Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry
Coefficient of variation
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