AXONAL AND DORSAL ROOT GANGLION CELL CHANGES IN EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGIC NEURITIS
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King R.H.M., Thomas P.K. & Pollard J.D. (1977) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology 3, 471486 Axonal and dorsal root ganglion cell changes in experimental allergic neuritis Observations have been made on experimental allergic neuritis in guinea pigs induced by the inoculation of rabbit sciatic nerve combined with Freund's adjuvant. Axonal lesions were observed most often in the later stages of the acute disease and in animals with a chronic relapsing course. They consisted of axonal interruption and regeneration, and ‘reactive’ axonal changes in demyelinated and remyelinated fibres, and in fibres of normal appearance that may have possessed lesions at some other point along their course. Abnormalities were not detected in anterior horn cells. Loss of dorsal root ganglion cells was rare, but invasion of the cells by lymphocytes which were present within large intracellular vacuoles, was at times conspicuous. The axonal and dorsal root ganglion cell changes may represent a ‘bystander’ effect in a cell‐mediated delayed hypersensitivity reaction.Keywords:
Dorsal root ganglion
Neuritis
Schwann cell
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AIM: To establish a primary culture technique of acutely isolated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, and provide a simple & useful in vitro model for study of analgesia. Methods: Acutely isolated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were planted and cultured; the configuration and growth characters of DRG neurons were observed through inverted microscope.
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To research the protective effect of Schwann cell and extracellular matrix (ECM) gel on neurons in dorsal root ganglion.1. Schwann cells were seeded into 30% ECM at 1 x 10(8)/ml and then implanted into PLA hollow fiber conduits to repair 10 mm length defects of rat sciatic nerve, and histological observation was taken at 8 and 12 weeks after operation. 2. To observe the survival of Schwann cells, Schwann cells labeled BrdU were seeded into 30% ECM at 1 x 10(8)/ml and then implanted into PLA hollow fiber conduits to repair 10 mm length defects of rat sciatic nerve. Histological observation and immunohistochemical method stained with BrdU were done at 3 and 6 weeks after operation.1. When seeded into ECM gel and transplanted into rats, most of the Schwann cells survived to 3 weeks and a part of them survived up to 6 weeks. 2. The survival neuron ratios of Schwann cells with ECM gel group and ECM gel group were 83.5% and 81.3% respectively, and significantly higher than that of saline group (72.9%, P < 0.05).When seeded into ECM gel and transplanted into rats, most of the Schwann cells survive and protect 83.5% neurons in dorsal root ganglion from retrograde death.
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Axons of dorsal root ganglion neurons express on their surfaces one or more proteins which are mitogenic for Schwann cells (Salzer, J., R. P. Bunge, and L. Glaser, 1980, J. Cell Biol., 84:767-778). Incubation of co-cultures of dorsal root ganglion neurons and Schwann cells with 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xyloside, an inhibitor of proteoglycan biosynthesis, decreases the mitogenic response of the Schwann cell by over 95%. The effect of the beta-D-xyloside has been localized to the neurons; pretreatment of neurons but not of Schwann cells with the inhibitor causes a marked reduction of the mitogenic response. In addition, Schwann cells treated with beta-D-xyloside are still mitogenically responsive to soluble Schwann cell mitogens (cholera toxin and glial growth factor). Neurons treated with heparitinase and membrane vesicles prepared from heparitinase-treated neurons show diminished mitogenicity for Schwann cells, while other proteoglycan lyases have no effect. We conclude that a cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan is a component of the Schwann cell mitogen present on the surface of dorsal root ganglion neurons.
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The process of myelination is essential to enable rapid and sufficient signal transduction in the nervous system. In the peripheral nervous system, neurons and Schwann cells engage in a complex interaction to control the myelination of axons. Disturbances of this interaction and breakdown of the myelin sheath are hallmarks of inflammatory neuropathies and occur secondarily in neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we present a coculture model of dorsal root ganglion explants and Schwann cells, which develops a robust myelination of peripheral axons to investigate the process of myelination in the peripheral nervous system, study axon-Schwann cell interactions, and evaluate the potential effects of therapeutic agents on each cell type separately. Methodologically, dorsal root ganglions of embryonic rats (E13.5) were harvested, dissociated from their surrounding tissue, and cultured as whole explants for 3 days. Schwann cells were isolated from 3-week-old adult rats, and sciatic nerves were enzymatically digested. The resulting Schwann cells were purified by magnetic-activated cell sorting and cultured under neuregulin and forskolin-enriched conditions. After 3 days of dorsal root ganglion explant culture, 30,000 Schwann cells were added to one dorsal root ganglion explant in a medium containing ascorbic acid. The first signs of myelination were detected on day 10 of coculture, through scattered signals for myelin basic protein in immunocytochemical staining. From day 14 onward, myelin sheaths were formed and propagated along the axons. Myelination can be quantified by myelin basic protein staining as a ratio of the myelination area and axon area, to account for the differences in axonal density. This model provides experimental opportunities to study various aspects of peripheral myelination in vitro, which is crucial for understanding the pathology of and possible treatment opportunities for demyelination and neurodegeneration in inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases of the peripheral nervous system.
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Peripheral Nervous System
Neuroglia
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