A comparison of gibberellin and cytokinin levels in normal and ‘little potato’ tubers
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Tubercle
Industrial crop
Solanum tuberosum
Glycoalkaloid
Abstract The concept of using a range of Solanaceae potato clones as trap crops for potato cyst nematode (PCN) management was investigated. A series of field trials were undertaken from 1999 to 2002 that evaluated 10 clones of either wild Solanum potato species, breeder’s hybrid lines or commercial cultivars. All had high resistance to all known PCN pathotypes (both Globodera rostochiensis and Globodera pallida ) and the ability to stimulate high levels of PCN hatch. Investigations showed potential for the development of some clones as a means of reducing high PCN field population levels and for use by organic potato producers.
Potato cyst nematode
Globodera rostochiensis
Globodera pallida
Solanum tuberosum
Trap crop
Industrial crop
Trap (plumbing)
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Glycoalkaloid
Solasodine
Plant Physiology
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Glycoalkaloid
Protoplast
Somatic fusion
Industrial crop
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Steroidal glycoalkaloids are naturally occurring, secondary plant metabolites that are found in foods, including potatoes and tomatoes. Their content in plants is controlled by both genetic and environmental factors. Glycoalkaloid profiles can be passed to progenies during breeding and hybridization of wild and cultivated potatoes designed to develop improved potatoes. The most common potato, Solanum tuberosum, contains primarily the glycoalkaloids, alpha-solanine and alpha-chaconine. However, wild-type potatoes being used for breeding new varieties contain other, less common glycoalkaloids. Because glycoalkaloid composition is a major criterion for the release of new potato cultivars, we used HPLC, TLC, GC, and GC/MS to determine their nature and content in several Solanum species widely used in potato breeding and hybridization programs. Solanum tuberosum, as well as S. andigena and S. stenotomum, contained alpha-solanine and alpha-chaconine. S. canasense was found to contain only dehydrocommersonine. S. acaule contained alpha-tomatine and demissine. S. juzepczukii and S. curtilobum contained demissine and two previously unidentified glycoalkaloids. We characterized them as demissidine-glucose/rhamnose (1/1 ratio) and demissidine-galactose/glucose/rhamnose (1/1/1 ratio), tentatively named dihydro-beta(1)-chaconine and dihydrosolanine, respectively. We found extensive variability in the glycoalkaloid profiles in the tested potato varieties. The possible significance of these findings for plant breeding and food safety is discussed.
Glycoalkaloid
Solanum tuberosum
Rhamnose
Industrial crop
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Salinity has been a major constraint to the growth and production of important crop plants on a global scale. In addition to conventional breeding and the modern genetic engineering approaches, simple and cost effective tissue culture based methods may prove effective to cope with the salt stress induced crop losses. In the present study, we analysed in vitro somaclonal variation on plantlets of potato cv. Desiree and investigated the effect of somaclonal variation on the salt tolerance and tuber glycoalkaloid content. Around 38 regenerated plants were selected from tissue culture-induced calli based on their morphological status. These regenerants were subject to in vitro salt stress evaluation and finally six regenrants were selected based on their salt tolerance performance. Somaclonal variation was confirmed through four RAPD primers. The somaclones and the parental control lines were further evaluated under greenhouse condition for salt tolerance and potato tuber glycoalkaloid content. Out of 38 somaclones, 6 somaclones revealed high salt tolerance evident from maintaning significantly high chlorophyll content. Interestingly, two of the somaclones also exhibited significantly reduced (P < / = 0.05) glycolkaloid content (TGA below 1000 mg/100 g dry weight) compared to that of parental control (180 mg TGA/100 g dry weight) indicating low effect of high salt stress on tuber quality. These results suggest that somaclonal variation may be a useful tool to develop salt tolerance and achieve tuber quality in terms of reduced tuber glycoalkaloid content.
Somaclonal variation
Glycoalkaloid
Dry weight
Industrial crop
Plant tissue culture
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Industrial crop
Chenopodiaceae
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Glycoalkaloid
Phytophthora infestans
Industrial crop
Tubercle
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Glycoalkaloid
Industrial crop
Nitrogen fertilizer
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Citations (26)
Glycoalkaloids are a naturally occurring steroidal alkaloid of potatoes exhibiting human toxicity at levels > 30 mg/100 of tuber fresh weight. It has been documented that genotype and environment have a large impact on tuber levels within a potato crop. The impact on glycoalkaloid content was determined for four management variables including variety grown, N fertilizer rate, storage temperature, and length of storage period. In 1989 and 1990, three varieties (Russet Burbank, Norchip, and Gemchip) were planted in plots with three rates of applied N fertilizer (0, 168, and 336 kgh·m -1 ). Harvested tubers were stored at 4.4 or 10.0C. Tuber samples were obtained 1 month before harvest, at harvest, and then 3 and 9 months after harvest and analyzed for glycoalkaloid content. All four management variables had a significant (P = 0.05) effect on tuber glycoalkaloid content, but only length of storage period had a greater influence than the natural environmental effect as measured by the difference between years. There were significant year the trial was conducted × N fertilizer rate, year × variety, length of storage × variety, and N rate × variety interactions. The interactions were analyzed and explored.
Glycoalkaloid
Industrial crop
Solanum tuberosum
Crop Management
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Glycoalkaloid
Chlorogenic Acid
Reducing sugar
Industrial crop
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Citations (47)