DISCUSSION OF 6420 & 6421. THE ANALYSIS OF STEEL DECKS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE HIGHWAY BRIDGES AT AMARA & KUT IN IRAQ. THE NEW HIGHWAY BRIDGES ACROSS THE TIGRIS AT AMARA & KUT IN IRAQ.
B FaragoWenchen ShanW E GelsonG A PLANKP S A BERRIDGEG HARDENBERGW HEINZELO A KERENSKYG B GODFREYWalker DownieF H TurnerJ. D. WestBidyut MajumdarJmr YoungZS MAKOWSKI
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Keywords ANALYSIS, STEEL, DECKS, HIGHWAYS, BRIDGES, RIVERS, COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING, GIRDERS, COMPOSITE, ACTION, INTERACTION, LONG SPAN, STRINGERS, PLATES, DESIGN, ECONOMICS, ORTHOTROPIC, WELDED, HIGH, TENSILE, FOUNDATIONS, BORED, PILES, LARGE, SPANS, BENOTO, UNDERWATER, CONCRETING, FABRICATION, SUPERSTRUCTURES, ASPHALT, PIERS, SHEETPILING, BOX, INTEGRAL, THIN, LAYERS, SURFACING, SHEAR, STRESS, WELDING AMARA, KUT, RIVER TIGRIS IRAQ, MIDDLE EAST... Show AllKeywords:
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Finite element simulation has been carried out on necking of orthotropic tensile bars. Different orthotropic material parameters have been considered. A quantitative relationship (in this paper, a linear relationship) between the orthotropic material parameters and necking section shape parameters has been built. On the same tensile strain, there is little dependence of the necking section shape parameters on the orthotropic parameter along axial direction. Keeping the orthotropic parameters along axial direction constant, the axial loading is little dependent on the orthotropic parameters along other directions. The axial loading ability is dependent on the axial orthotropic parameter. Orthotropic material parameters can be calculated by the study of necking of smooth tensile bars.
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In this paper, the authors develop the least square method for obtaining the values of KI, KII and σox by photoelastic experiment using the orthotropic composite material. Further, the measuring method of the stress fringe value for orthotropic material was proposed in the case of which the principal axes of orthotropic material is not coincident with the direction of crack progress. Moreover, it became clear that the values of KI and KII are under the influence of the angle a between fiber and loading direction, and the values of KI and KII are related to the length of crack and the inclined angle β in the any cases of orthotropic material as isotropic material.
Orthotropic material
Principal stress
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Orthotropic material
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How to simulate random spacial variability of an orthotropic material property is demonstrated. The simulation technique for generating the sample spacial irregularities is presented by taking the orthotropic characteristics into account. Through the Monte Carlo calculations by utilizing the simulation technique along with the finite element analysis, the orthotropic stress variations due to the spacial variabilities of the elastic coefficients are provided.
Orthotropic material
Stress field
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Orthotropic material
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A solution for a thin elastic cylindrical lining embedded in an infinite, cylindrically orthotropic medium and subjected to a uniaxial stress field has been obtained. The solution, by separation of variables, is found by utilizing Lekhnitskii's stress function whereas the lining is analyzed using thin shell theory. Equilibrium and continuity are completely satisfied along the interface between the shell and the orthotropic medium. It is shown how the general solution provides insight into maximum stress and deformations that characterize cylindrical linings in an orthotropic medium where cylindrically orthotropic constants were transformed from orthotropic medium data. Since an orthotropic medium is more representative of a large class of glass‐fiber reinforced plastics, the results differ considerably with the picture obtained from calculations for an isotropic medium. The lining and the orthotropic medium are shown to greatly affect tangential stress distribution. These results represent only a concise example; any situation of interest can be computed since the general solutions are given.
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