The effect of salts on the electrochemical polymerization of aniline
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Hydrochloric acid
The structure,synthesis,sythetic mechanism,protonation,application of polyaniline and the research advancement of polyaniline composites were comprehensively elaborated, and the study on coal based polyaniline was introduced in detail.In contrast with polyaniline,coal based polyaniline's conductivity drops slightly,but it has cheaper cost and strenghened thermal stability. The novel methods and the new chances for coal's nonfuel application are provided by coal based polyaniline.The coal based polyaniline has a certain extending value.
Polyaniline nanofibers
Thermal Stability
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The cyclical semi-aerobic dump percolate with high chloride content is studied in this paper.The influence of anode materials on the chloride ion conversion during the electrolytic treatment is discussed.The factors that affect the conversion of chloride ion morphology in the course of electrolytic treatment by orthogonal experiment are also discussed.It shows that when different anode material are used to electrolyze the dump percolate in the identical condition,some residual chlorine are produced in the solution.The content of residual chlorine and Cl2 are different if the anode materials are different.Using Ru-Ir/Ti anode is benefical to the oxidation of Cl-in the electrolytic process.In the electrolytic test condition,the main morphology of chloride ion is mainly Cl-,residual chlorine and Cl2,the average content of Cl-morphology and residual chlorine morphology is 85.8% and the average content of Cl2 escaping from the percolate is 3.95%.If the electrolysis is carried out under the disadvantageous condition,the content of Cl2 escaping can increase to 23.1%.The chloride ion concentration can not be increased at will during the electrolysis in order to avoid the second pollution of produced chlorine gas.
Electrolytic process
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This paper introduced the structure of polyaniline,and three methods for synthesis of water-soluble polyaniline.And the paper summarized the research advances of polyaniline in the field of anticorrosion coatings,and it expatiated the anticorrosive mechanism of polyaniline and application of polyaniline anticorrosive coat.We had expected foreground about polyaniline,and we think that the synthesis of water-soluble polyaniline and the analysis of corrosion theory need to be further studied.
Polyaniline nanofibers
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The reaction parameters about oxidative chemical polymerization of aniline in hydrochloric acid were seriously studied. The optimization parameters of the preparation of polyaniline were obtained: the concentration of aniline is 4％（mass percentage），the molar rate of oxidant((NH4)2S2O8):aniline is 1.2:1~1.3:1, the concentration of dopant is 1mol/L and the influence of solvent. FTIR was employed to character the structure of polyaniline.
Hydrochloric acid
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Polyaniline-induced C−H arylation of arenes with arenediazonium salts prepared by diazotization of anilines has been developed, whereby the amino group on the aniline is a formal leaving group. This sequential reaction proceeds in the presence of a catalytic amount of the reduced form of polyaniline under mild conditions without any metals or strong bases at room temperature to yield biaryls. More information can be found in the Full Paper by T. Amaya et al. on page 7703 ff.
Aniline Compounds
Reaction conditions
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The aniline dimer, N-(4-aminophenyl)aniline has been polymerized cleanly under mild conditions to obtain an emeraldine base form of polyaniline using [MeB(3-(Mes)Pz)3]CuCl as the catalyst and H2O2 as the oxidant, while the subsequent acidification of the emeraldine base gives the conducting emeraldine salt form of polyaniline.
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The polymers including emeraldine base, emeraldine salt, homopolymer and copolymers based on aniline and anthranilic acid or on aniline and o aminobenzenesulfonic acid, sulfonated polyaniline based on leucoemeraldine base have been chemically prepared and characterized by FT IR and UV visible techniques. Furthermore, the comparison of solubility, stability and ability to cast film has been performed.
Anthranilic acid
Polyaniline nanofibers
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Hollow polyaniline microspheres have been synthesized from a monomeric aniline-based template, which makes template removal unnecessary. The template for the microstructures is an aniline emulsion with β-naphthalenesulfonic acid (NSA) as dopant, and ammonium persulfate (APS) as oxidizer. The Figure is a TEM image of polyaniline/NSA spheres obtained from 0.2 M aniline at an NSA/aniline/APS ratio of 1:4:4.
Ammonium persulfate
Polyaniline nanofibers
Emulsion polymerization
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In this contribution we extend our previous studies on polyaniline blends to the study of some physical properties of different polyaniline polyvinylchloride (PANI-PVC) blends. Previous data on polyaniline-polyethylene (PANI-PE) blends have revealed a rapid drop of the mechanical features of the blend, as the concentration of polyaniline (PANI) is increased and a relatively slow increase in the electrical conductivity. As the blend has been prepared by mechanical mixing of components, the electrical conductivity decreases in time, probably due to a stabilisation of the blend towards oxygen accompanied by the transformation of the conducting polyaniline (emeraldine salt) into the insulating form of the polyaniline.
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Summary form only given. The effects of oxidant(ammonia persulfate)/aniline ratio and reaction temperature on the yield, oxidation state, solubility in NMP and the properties of the films made from NMP solution were studied. The yields of polyaniline reach a maximum when oxidant/aniline ratio equals to 1.25 and reaction temperature is -5 C. The solubilities of polyaniline base form also reach a maximum at oxidant/aniline ratio of 1.25 and reaction temperatures of -5 C and 0 C. The ratios of benzene ring and quinoid ring are the same for polyaniline synthesized with oxidant/aniline ratio lower than 1.25. When the ratio of oxidant/aniline is higher than 1.75, the film can hardly be formed from NMP solution. Polyaniline films can be stretched to higher ratio when oxidant/aniline ratios are lower and reaction temperatures are -5 C and 0 C. Thermal stability and mechanical strength of polyaniline increase in the presence of a small amount of NMP.
Thermal Stability
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