The effect of concurrent resistance and aerobic training on serum level of homocysteine and lipid profile in overweight men.
Saeed EmamdoostMohammad FaramarziLaleh BagheriKhadijeh OtadiEhsan Razaghi NaeeniTahereh YazdaniAli Dirandeh
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Aerobic Exercise
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Effect of combined training on body composition, lipids levels and indicators of metabolic syndrome in overweight and obesed postmenopausal women
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Dyslipidemia in Iranian overweight and obese children Robabeh GhergerehchiDepartment of Pediatrics, Tabriz University (Medical Sciences), Tabriz, IranObjective: To evaluate the frequency and patterns of dyslipidemia in overweight and obese children and to determine the extent of blood lipid abnormality in overweight and obese children.Methods: A prospective matched case control study on 230 overweight and obese children and adolescents (body mass index [BMI] > 85th percentile) aged 4 to 18 years undertaken at the outpatient endocrine clinic of the Childrens' Hospital at Tabriz University between 2006–2008. This study was conducted to compare the frequency of abnormal plasma lipid levels in overweight and obese children compared with 50 nonobese children (BMI = 50th–85th percentile).Results: The total frequency of dyslipidemia was 69.58%. The prevalence of dyslipidemia increased with severity of obesity and reached 76.9% in the severely obese (P < 0.005). High triglycerides was the most common dyslipidemia in combination (26.08%) and in isolation (18.6%). There was a significant difference in mean of triglycerides between the severely obese and other groups (P < 0.004).Conclusion: In the present study, dyslipidemia is more common in severely obese children and the most common component of dyslipidemia is a high triglyceride level. Keywords: dyslipidemia, lipid profile, obesity, overweight, children, adolescents
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Objectives Overweight and obesity are increasing in individuals over age 60 years. This systematic review quantifies the effect of exercise on body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and lipids in overweight and obese individuals over the age of 60 years. Settings Nine randomised controlled trials conducted in Brazil, Great Britain, Iceland, Japan and the USA compared aerobic and/or resistance exercise with a control group. Participants Final analysis reviewed 1166 participants over the age of 60 years for 3–9 months. Primary outcome measures This study reviewed the effects of exercise on BMI, WC and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Results Exercise produced a significant reduction in BMI (−1.01 kg/m 2 , 95% CI −2.00 to −0.01) and WC (−3.09 cm, 95% CI −4.14 to −2.04) but not LDL cholesterol (−0.31 mg/dL, 95% CI −0.81 to 0.19). Analyses revealed substantial heterogeneity likely due to the type and intensity of exercise. Data on adverse effects were minimal. The overall level of evidence is moderate due to imprecision and heterogeneity. Conclusions Exercise in overweight and obese older individuals improves anthropometric measures such as BMI and WC. The effect of exercise on serum lipids is unclear.
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We determined the effect of a school-based exercise training (ET) without dietary intervention, on body composition, fitness and cardiovascular risk in overweight/obese children. Subjects were 51 overweight/obese 6.5- to 12.5-year-old children (23 boys, 28 girls; BMI 25.6+/-4.3 kg/m 2 ), of whom 48 completed the program. Participants were enrolled in a 15-week aerobic training (three 60-minute sessions/week). Working heart rate was between 120-185 beats/minute. Participation rate was 87%. BMI, waist circumference, body composition (bioimpedance), aerobic capacity (treadmill), blood pressure, lipids and insulin sensitivity (HOMA) were assessed. Waist circumference (85.9+/-12.4 vs. 80.9+/-10.2 cm), muscle mass (32.4+/-6.2 vs. 33.7+/-6.1 kg), maximal oxygen consumption (37.0+/-3.9 vs. 42.6+/-11.2 ml/kg per minute), systolic blood pressure (113.3+/-11.2 vs. 106.7+/-11.6 mmHg) and LDL cholesterol (2.4+/-0.6 vs. 1.9+/-0.6 mM/l) improved significantly. Number of children with abdominal obesity (29 vs. 20), hypertension (10 vs. 5) and elevated triglyceride (18 vs. 14) also declined significantly over time. We concluded that as a result of high attendance and appropriate training program, cardiovascular fitness and abdominal obesity improved in overweight/obese children along with the improvement in metabolic risk factor profile.
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While in the general paediatric population the presence of abnormal lipid values is estimated at 8-20%, depending on the population, accepted norms and age, it was shown that in the population of lean children the prevalence of dyslipidemia is lower than in obese children, in whom it ranges from 20 to over 40%. Until now, however, no results of similar studies on a large sample of children form a Central or Eastern European country have been published. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of lipid disorders in overweight and obese children and adolescents participating in an integrated weight reduction programme.According to the "6-10-14 for Health" programme implementation schedule, the programme accepted patients living in Gdańsk, aged 6, 9-11 and 14 years old, with BMI above the 85th percentile for age and sex, according to the Polish percentile charts. During the first visit, each of the participants underwent basic anthropometric examinations - body weight, body height, waist and hip circumference, blood pressure and body composition by bioelectrical impedance were measured. Blood samples were taken to assess lipid, glucose and insulin levels as well as alanine transaminase (ALT) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) activity.1948 patients underwent full anthropomethric and blood work measurements. At least one of the lipid disorders occurred in 38.23% of girls and 40.51% of boys with overweight and obesity. The most common lipid disorderswere decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (present in 20.55% of the girls and 23.79% of the boys) and elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (present in 15.31% of the girls and 14.25% of the boys). There was no strong association between lipid disorders and age, sex, birth weight, gestational age at birth or body composition.Such a frequent occurrence of lipid disorders in the population of children and adolescents should be an important warning signal both at the individual and population level. Not only effective screening methods for overweight and obese children should be implemented from an early age but also therapeutic measures are required.The trial is registered under the Local Ethics Committee at Medical University of Gdańsk, decision No. NKBBN/228/2012 from 25 June 2012.
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To study the effects of soy protein supplement on overweight and obese population.Randomized controlled trials (RCT) published from January 1988 to May 2012 observing the effect of soy protein supplement on overweight and obese population were collected. Meta-analysis was applied to estimate the standardized mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI).Among 13 RCTs, the number of the studies observing change of body weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass and waist circumference were 12, 7, 7 and 11, respectively. Compared with the control group, the combined WMD (95% CI) of soy protein supplemented was - 1.04 kg [( -1.97) - ( -0.11)], -0.19 kg/m2 [(-0.41) - (0.02)], -0.99 kg [(-1.73) - (-0.24)] and - 0.94 cm [(-1.66) - (-0.21)], respectively. However, the protective effect of soy protein was only observed among studies conducted in Western population, but not in Asian population.Soy protein supplementation significantly decreased body weight, fat mass and waist circumference in overweight and obese population.
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Overweight and obesity are major public health problems in children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis to determine the effects of exercise (aerobic, strength or both) on body mass index (BMI) z-score in overweight and obese children and adolescents. Studies were included if they were randomized controlled exercise intervention trials ≥ 4 weeks in overweight and obese children and adolescents 2 to 18 years of age, published in any language between 1990–2012 and in which data were available for BMI z-score. Studies were retrieved by searching eleven electronic databases, cross-referencing and expert review. Two authors (GAK, KSK) selected and abstracted data. Bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Instrument. Exercise minus control group changes were calculated from each study and weighted by the inverse of the variance. All results were pooled using a random-effects model with non-overlapping 95% confidence intervals (CI) considered statistically significant. Heterogeneity was assessed using Q and I 2 while funnel plots and Egger's regression test were used to assess for small-study effects. Influence and cumulative meta-analysis were performed as well as moderator and meta-regression analyses. Of the 4,999 citations reviewed, 835 children and adolescents (456 exercise, 379 control) from 10 studies representing 21 groups (11 exercise, 10 control) were included. On average, exercise took place 4 x week for 43 minutes per session over 16 weeks. Overall, a statistically significant reduction equivalent to 3% was found for BMI z-score . No small-study effects were observed and results remained statistically significant when each study was deleted from the model once. Based on cumulative meta-analysis, results have been statistically significant since 2009. None of the moderator or meta-regression analyses were statistically significant. The number-needed-to treat was 107 with an estimated 116,822 obese US children and adolescents and approximately 1 million overweight and obese children and adolescents worldwide potentially improving their BMI z-score by participating in exercise. Exercise improves BMI z-score in overweight and obese children and adolescents and should be recommended in this population group. However, a need exists for additional studies on this topic.
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School-Based Health Center Intervention Improves Body Mass Index in Overweight and Obese Adolescents
Adolescents Committed to Improvement of Nutrition and Physical Activity (ACTION) was undertaken to determine feasibility of a school-based health center (SBHC) weight management program. Two urban New Mexico SBHCs were randomized to deliver ACTION or standard care. ACTION consisted of eight visits using motivational interviewing to improve eating and physical activity behavior. An educational nutrition and physical activity DVD for students and a clinician toolkit were created for use as menu of options. Standard care consisted of one visit with the SBHC provider who prescribed recommendations for healthy weight. Sixty nondiabetic overweight/obese adolescents were enrolled. Measures included BMI percentile, waist circumference, insulin resistance by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), blood pressure, triglycerides, and HDL-C levels. Pre- to postchanges for participants were compared between groups. Fifty-one students (mean age 15 years, 62% female, 75% Hispanic) completed pre- and postmeasures. ACTION students ( ) had improvements in BMI percentile ( ) and waist circumference ( ) as compared with students receiving standard care ( ). No differences were found between the two groups in blood pressure, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, and HDL-C. The ACTION SBHC weight management program was feasible and demonstrated improved outcomes in BMI percentile and waist circumference.
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Background: The main aim of this study is to evaluate the association between serum cholesterol level and abdominal obesity in adult men and women in the north of Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted on the 1956 subjects (990 men and 966 women) between 25 and 65 years old chosen by cluster sampling. Plasma cholesterol was measured in the morning after a 12 h fast and determined by auto-analyzer. Hypercholesterolemia (HC) was defined by a total plasma cholesterol level over 200 mg/dl. Waist circumference ≥102 cm and ≥88 cm in men and women were defined as abdominal obesity. SPSS 16.0 software was used for statistical analysis and P < 0.05 considered as statistical significance. Results: Averagely, the mean of age was 44.2 years and mean ± standard deviation of plasma total cholesterol level was 203 ± 11.3 mg/dl. The HC was seen in 50.8% of subjects with a more common in women than in men. Compared with normal subjects, in abdominal obese people, the odds ratio (OR) of HC was (OR = 4.208 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.939–9.130]) and (OR = 3.956 [95% CI: 1.821–8.592]) in men aged 25–35 and 35–45 years, respectively. In women aged 25–35 years, it was (OR = 3.444 [95% CI: 1.959–6.056]) in abdominal obese compared with normal subjects. Conclusion: Hypercholesterolemia was revealed as a major health problem among adults, and it was associated with abdominal obesity especially in the early middle-age in the north of Iran. This association was not significant in men and women after the age of 45 and 35, respectively.
Abdominal obesity
Cross-sectional study
Waist–hip ratio
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