Effect of Choline Deficiency on Lung Phospholipid Concentrations in the Rat
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Choline
Phosphatidylethanolamine
Abstract A choline non‐required cell line was established from a rat hepatoma cell line. The line designated R‐Y121B·cho was able to grow in choline‐deprived medium without serum and lipid. Choline is necessary for the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine, which is a main component of cell membranes. Phosphatidylcholine can be synthesized by the methylation of phosphatidyletha‐nolamine in liver cells. Phospholipid composition and incorporation of radiolabeled serine into phosphatidylserine or phosphatidylethanolamine were quite similar in R‐Y121B cho and its parental cells. However R‐Y121B cho cells had higher phosphatidylcholine synthesis activity from radiolabeled methionine than parental cells. These results indicate that choline requirement of mammalian cells depends on the activity of phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase.
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1. Analogues of ethanolamine and choline were incubated with different labelled precursors of phospholipids and isolated hepatocytes and the effects on phospholipid synthesis were studied. 2. 2-Aminopropan-1-ol and 2-aminobutan-1-ol were the most efficient inhibitors of [(14)C]ethanolamine incorporation into phospholipids, whereas the incorporation of [(3)H]choline was inhibited most extensively by NN-diethylethanolamine and NN-dimethylethanolamine. 3. When the analogues were incubated with [(3)H]glycerol and hepatocytes, the appearance of (3)H in unnatural phospholipids indicated that they were incorporated, at least in part, via CDP-derivatives. The distribution of [(3)H]glycerol among molecular species of phospholipids containing 2-aminopropan-1-ol and 1-aminopropan-2-ol was the same as in phosphatidylethanolamine. In other phospholipid analogues the distribution of (3)H was more similar to that in phosphatidylcholine. 4. NN-Diethylethanolamine stimulated both the conversion of phosphatidylethanolamine into phosphatidylcholine and the incorporation of [Me-(14)C]methionine into phospholipids. Other N-alkyl- or NN-dialkyl-ethanolamines also stimulated [(14)C]methionine incorporation, but inhibited the conversion of phosphatidylethanolamine into phosphatidylcholine. This indicates that phosphatidyl-NN-diethylethanolamine is a poor methyl acceptor, in contrast with other N-alkylated phosphatidylethanolamines. 5. These results on the regulation of phospholipid metabolism in intact cells are discussed with respect to the possible control points. They also provide guidelines for future experiments on the manipulation of phospholipid polar-headgroup composition in primary cultures of hepatocytes.
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Previous investigators have shown that free fatty acids that accumulate during ischemia are an indicator of evolution in ischemic brain damage. Our study describes the temporal relations between free fatty acid accumulation and degradation of phospholipid molecular species after cerebral ischemia. Using the four-vessel occlusion model of adult Wistar rats, we analyzed quantitatively the cerebral phospholipid molecular species of diacyl phosphatidylcholine and diacyl phosphatidylethanolamine and released free fatty acids during ischemia. Total diacyl phosphatidylcholine molecular species decreased gradually but did not show any significant difference even at 60 minutes. By contrast, total diacyl phosphatidylethanolamine abruptly decreased after 5 minutes and continued to decrease significantly thereafter. Polyunsaturated molecular species showed a higher ratio of degradation than saturated and monounsaturated molecular species of either phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine. Total free fatty acid...
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3,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone (DHAP) is one of the constituents of Ilex pubescence Hook. et Arn. var. glaber Chang. The effects of DHAP on the composition of blood platelet membrane in aged rats was examined. No change of total lipid and cholesterol contents was observed in aged rats. While a slight but significant decrease of phospholipid in platelet membrane was found, which lead to diminution of the ratio of phospholipid to cholesterol. The contents of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine decreased markedly by as less as 23.0% and 19%, respectively, compared with the young group. Whereas the degree of reduction of phospholipid, the ratio of phospholipid to cholesterol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine were significantly lightened after irrigation with DHAP 100 mg.kg-1 for 10 weeks. In the treatment group, the values of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine of platelet membrane were reduced by 8.0% and 10.5%, respectively, vs the group of aged rats. It is concluded that reduced phospholipid hydrolysis is involved in mediating DHAP inhibition of platelet function.
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