A tumour with a neuroendocrine and papillary serous component: two or a pair?
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Aims: To examine the clonal origin of a tumour, made up of a neuroendocrine component and a papillary serous component by comparing the pattern of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and the immunohistochemical protein expression of both components. Methods/Results: A 70 year old woman, known to have a metastasised neuroendocrine carcinoma, underwent resection of the distal part of the ileum because of obstruction by a mesenterial mass. The macroscopically homogeneous mesenterial mass consisted histologically of an admixture of a neuroendocrine component and a papillary serous carcinoma. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis of both components with a panel of 15 polymorphic microsatellite markers showed a distinctive pattern of LOH, and both components showed LOH on chromosome 4q and 17, but involving different alleles at the same locus. Moreover, both components showed different immunohistochemical staining patterns for neuroendocrine markers, cytokeratin 7, carcinoembryonic antigen, and CA125. Conclusion: Both LOH analysis of the neuroendocrine and papillary serous components of this tumour and the immunohistochemical profile of both components are consistent with a different clonal origin. The tumour is probably a collision tumour, in which the papillary serous carcinoma must have been of peritoneal origin because necropsy revealed a normal uterus and normal ovaries.Keywords:
Component (thermodynamics)
Neuroendocrine tumour
Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) usually occurs in middle-aged people aged 40–50 years, more often in men than women. Most CSC patients are affected unilateral, but there are also bilateral cases. CSC is characterized by serous retinal detachment in the macula.
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Present concept of central serous chorioretinopathy classification does not reflect the true picture of the pathological process. The purpose of the study was the development of diagnostic criteria of central serous chorioretinopathy clinical forms and basing on that extend and optimize its classification with assessment of risk factors and prognosis of disease. Full ophthalmologic and somatic examination of 56men with central serous chorioretinopathy was made. Focal laser coagulation was performed in patients with fluorescein leakage and local injury of pigment epithelium by angiographic data (22patients). In the case of extended damage of pigment epithelium and diffuse leakage of fluorescein (23people) transpupillary thermotherapy of optical disk was conducted. Detailed expert evaluation of retinal changes by fluorescein angiographic data allowed dividing the patients into 3groups. The main criterion for the division was the damaged area of the pigment epithelium: group 1 – central serous chorioretinopathy with local injury of pigment epithelium (with leakage point); group 2 –central serous chorioretinopathy with extensive damage of pigment epithelium with diffuse leakage; group 3 –central serous chorioretinopathy with extensive damage of pigment epithelium combined with leakage point (recurrence of leakage).The results of our study brought us to the following conclusion. Development of new classification criteria of the disease allows to construct a more specific algorithm of therapeutic measures and to determine prognosis of central serous chorioretinopathy already at the stage of diagnostics.
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It is very essential to describe component clearly for the component user can understand the functions and attributes of component easily.With the evolution of component technology and Internet techniques,the great change has taken place in the structure of component and component software framework.Thus,it becomes an urgent need a component description model which can describe the component in the Internet environment.In this paper,we propose component description model of quadruple and this can present an effective solution to problem of heterogeneous component.
Component (thermodynamics)
Common Component Architecture
Component-based usability testing
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The degranulation and regranulation process was investigated after α-adrenergic stimulation on the rat submandibular gland. The submandibular gland in rat contains both serous and mucous cells. It has earlier been shown that serous cells filled with heavy-metal granules, are markedly more radiosensitive than cells without granules. In experiments with emptying the serous cell of their content of granules by administering an α-adrenergic stimulant, cyclocytidine, there has been found a decrease in irradiation damage in salivary gland tissue after irradiation. Injection of cyclocytidine, 150 mg/kg, was given i.p. to the rat. After 1 h there was almost complete depletion of granules in the serous cells, no morphological aberration was seen in the mucous cells. This effect still remained after 6 h. A beginning of regranulation with apical granules was seen 12 h after injection. After 24 h an almost complete regranulation had occurred in the salivary gland serous cells. The mucous cells did not show any morphological aberration. Our intent is to reduce unwanted salivary gland damage in patients with head and neck cancer when treated with radiotherapy. Depletion of heavy-metal granules in serous cells, before irradiation may diminish morphological destruction in the salivary glands. As a nearly total degranulation is present between 1–6 h after stimulation, this should be the optimal time for radiotherapy.
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Generally speaking, genre components can be divided into general component and proper component according to the flavor, but we also found across-genre component in the genre analysis. General component is the component which is commonly used in most of the genres, and proper component is the component which is only used or often used in a certain genre. The across-genre component is the component which is found in a concrete speech-work, but it is not the component which should be found in this kind of genre. It is the proper component which is borrowed from the other genre. We can find these three components in words, sentences, rhetorical figures, and texts. It is a very complicated genre phenomenon. To study these components is a basic project for the construction of genreology, and it also can promote the study of the other parts of linguistics positively.
Component (thermodynamics)
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Purpose Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is a relatively common retinal disease characterized by the accumulation of subretinal fluid at the posterior pole of the fundus, creating a circumscribed area of serous retinal and/or pigment epithelium detachment. Methods Numerous reports during the past few years have provided us with arguments strengthening the hypothesis of a possible association between CSCR and glucocorticoids. Results It has been noted that central serous chorioretinopathy is associated with different conditions, characterized by exposure to increased levels of endogenous or exogenous glucocorticoids. In fact, central serous chorioretinopathy has been described in patients with endogenous Cushing’s syndrome. It is also prevalent in patients with type-A personality; it has been reported following stressful events, whereas pregnancy represents another possible risk factor. These conditions are all characterized by endogenous hypercortisolism. In addition, many cases of central serous chorioretinopathy have been described during or following treatment with glucocorticoids, administrated by any route, for various systemic or ocular conditions. Central serous chorioretinopathy, when related to exposure to exogenous glucocorticoids, has a less prominent male predilection, presents more often with a chronic or atypical form, and is frequently bilateral. Furthermore, treatment of CSCR with glucocorticoids was found to exacerbate the clinical picture. However,very few patients worldwide are suffering from CSCR, while under systemic steroid treatment. Conclusion It could be suggested that glucocorticoids may be involved in the development of central serous chorioretinopathy. Glucocorticoids should not be used in the treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy.
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Component (thermodynamics)
Common Component Architecture
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This article proposes the conception of combine component which aims at the virtual assemblage of crop organs based on components. Bring forwards the dynamic component according to the feature of the combine component, design and realize the dynamic component, accomplish the combine component based on dynamic component.
Component (thermodynamics)
Feature (linguistics)
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