Minor salivary gland carcinoma: a review of 35 cases
Georg HaymerleSven SchneiderLuke HarrisTheresia HäuplChristian SchopperJohannes PammerMatthaeus Ch. GraslBoban M. Erović
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Salivary gland cancer
Histopathology
Salivary gland cancers (SGCs), categorized as head and neck cancers (HNCs), constitute about 6% of head and neck cancer diagnoses based on estimate by American Head and Neck Society. Salivary gland tumors originate from different glandular cell types and are thus morphologically diverse. These tumors arise from any of the three major and various minor salivary glands. The incidence of SGCs has slowly increased during the last four decades. The etiology of SGCs is mostly unknown; however, specific gene mutations are associated with certain types of salivary tumors. Treatment options include surgical resection, radiation therapy (RT), chemotherapy, and multimodality therapy. HNC patients treated with RT often develop xerostomia and salivary hypofunction due to damaged salivary glands. In this review, we discuss etiology of SGCs, present findings on the role of autophagy in salivary tumorigenesis, review adverse effects of radiation treatment, and examine remedies for restoration of salivary function.
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Comparative analysis of histopathological alteratio ns and immunohistochemistry was performed on 15 brain samples of cow. In the present study, brain tissues were positive in 9 cases (60.0%), using polyclonal antiserum by immunohistochemistry and 7 cases (46.60%) were found positive for rabies by demonstration of Negri bod ies. Hundred neurons per case were observed for Negri bodies; nu mber of Negri bodies in positive neurons was counte d and a comparison of IHC and histopathology was done. Number of neurons positive for rabies virus antigen per 100 neurons (900 neurons) by IHC were more (665) than H& E staining (344) and average number of Negri bodies per neuron detected by IHC were more (2.97 ) than histopathology (1.52 ), therefore, IHC was found to be more sensitive tha n histopathology.
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Introduction: Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a salivary gland-derived malignant tumor, but rarely it can originate from the breast, too. The salivary gland-derived form shows a very aggressive clinical outcome, while adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast has mostly a very good prognosis. Aim: The aim of the authors was to compare the miRNA-expression profile of breast- and salivary gland-derived cases. Method: The miRNA-profiles of two salivary gland derived and two breast-derived adenoid cystic carcinoma tissues as well as one normal breast and one salivary gland tissues were analysed using the Affymetrix® Gene Chip. Results: The expression of some miRNAs differed in the tumor tissues compared to their controls: the let-7b was overexpressed in salivary gland-derived adenoid cystic carcinoma, while decreased in breast-derived adenoid cystic carcinoma. In addition, the miR-24 was decreased in salivary gland-derived but overexpressed in breast-derived adenoid cystic carcinomas. The miR-181a-2* was only detected in salivary gland-derived adenoid cystic carcinomas. Conclusions: Through post-transcriptional regulation of the genes, the diverse expression of some miRNAs may partially explain the diverse clinical outcome of salivary gland-derived and breast-derived adenoid cystic carcinomas. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 963–968.
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Salivary gland cancer is the rare type of malignant cancer cells formed in the tissue of salivary gland. This type of cancer is general occurred to people at the age of 55 and above. The main reason for cause of salivary gland cancer is due to the exposure to radiation.
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Abstract Malignant salivary gland tumours are rare cancers of the head and neck with varied histopathology and clinical behaviour. The most common forms of salivary gland malignancies include mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC), acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) and a number of rare disease entities. Novel sequencing techniques and chromosomal analysis have led to an increased understanding of the genetics of these tumours. A characteristic molecular profile of many of these tumours is emerging and involves balanced chromosomal translocations that result in the expression of unique fusion proteins, as well as mutations in a limited subset of genes. Further elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of this heterogeneous group of tumours will be essential to design effective targeted therapies for salivary gland malignancies. Key Concepts Malignant salivary gland tumors are rare tumors with varied clinical behavior and histopathology. Advances in genetic sequencings has enabled improved insight into the genetics of salivary gland tumors. The majority of salivary gland malignancies result from well-defined chromosomal translocations. The chromosomal translocations found in salivary gland malignancies result in the expression of fusion genes that are important in the etiology of these tumors. Salivary gland tumors result from the deregulation of a limited number of pathways and genes – which may be enable the development of targeted therapeutics for these rare tumors.
Acinic cell carcinoma
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A finding about one or more characteristics of major salivary gland cancer, following the rules of the TNM AJCC v8 classification system. This classification does not apply to lymphomas and minor salivary gland cancers. (from AJCC 8th Ed.)
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Abstract Salivary gland cancers are represented by a heterogeneous histologic group of tumors, with low incidence, which may appear both in major and minor salivary glands. This article presents a review of the difficulties which may be encountered in this pathology during the treatment. The diagnosis of salivary gland cancers is often delayed, due to the histopathologic and immunohistochemistry results given in different period of times. There can be several difficulties in following the oncologic pre-treatment protocols, in terms of imaging technique, as MRI, useful for disease staging. The treatment of salivary gland cancers is complex, due to the local anatomy and their aggressive potential. Because of their decreased incidence, there are few data that investigate the treatment in the case of these diseases. The current therapy available for the patients with salivary gland cancers is represented by complete surgical resection. Several treatment difficulties in cancers of the salivary glands may come from the surgical limitations and the insufficient data for adjuvant and palliative treatment. Due to the limitations of the local health system, there is a heterogeneous distribution of the oncologic centers, lack of equipment, prolonged time to follow general protocols, despite the aspect of case-individualized therapy according to the guidelines. We must not forget the tumor behaviour and individual reactivity of different patients to the same treatment protocol.
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Definition/Description Salivary gland cancer is a raremalignancy that can occur in the major or minor salivary glands. Most salivary gland cancers occur in the parotid gland and present as a painless mass. Salivary cancers are a histologically diverse group of tumors with varying prognosis and treatment according to grade, histology, tumor extent, and stage. Treatment is primarily surgical, with postoperative radiotherapy reserved for patients with poor prognostic factors. Radiotherapy alone may be used for the treatment of inoperable tumors. Chemotherapy is not currently used in the initial management of stage I–III salivary gland cancer, but is commonly used to treat recurrent and metastatic salivary gland tumors.
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Histology
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Abstract Malignant salivary gland tumours are rare cancers of the head and neck with varied histopathology and clinical behaviour. The most common forms of salivary gland malignancies include mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC), acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) and a number of more uncommon entities. Novel sequencing techniques and chromosomal analyses have led to an increased understanding of the genetics of these tumours. A characteristic molecular profile of many of these tumours is emerging and involves balanced chromosomal translocations that result in the expression of unique fusion proteins, as well as genomic variants in a limited subset of genes. Early clinical trials targeting these genetic aberrations have demonstrated promising results. Further elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of this heterogeneous group of tumours will be essential to design effective targeted therapies for salivary gland malignancies. Key Concepts Malignant salivary gland tumours are rare tumours with varied clinical behaviour and histopathology. Advances in genetic sequencings have enabled improved insight into the genetics of salivary gland tumours. The majority of salivary gland malignancies result from well‐defined chromosomal translocations. The chromosomal translocations found in salivary gland malignancies result in the expression of fusion genes that are important in the aetiology of these tumours. Salivary gland tumours result from the deregulation of a limited number of pathways and genes – which may enable the development of targeted therapeutics for these rare tumours.
Acinic cell carcinoma
Salivary gland cancer
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Molecular Genetics
Histopathology
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