Magnetic circular dichroism studies with soft x-rays
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Abstract:
Highly monochromatic circularly polarized soft x‐rays are obtained by a simple adaptation of the AT&T Bell Laboratories Dragon beamline to collect synchrotron radiation above an below the storage ring orbit plane. This is demonstrated by the observation of a large magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) effect at the L2,3 absorption edges of ferromagnetic Fe, Co, and Ni. Photoabsorption measurements on ferrites with spinel and garnet structure are also presented, and used to show that MCD measurements allow to determine the presence and the orientation of magnetic moments on specific atoms in compounds.Keywords:
Monochromatic color
Soft X-rays
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P65 is a new EXAFS beamline to be built at the PETRA III storage ring at DESY in Hamburg. It will mainly be used for standard EXAFS applications with a relatively large beam and moderate flux density. While the beamline optics will be similar to many other standard EXAFS beamlines, the insertion device at such a large high-energy storage ring with low emittance like PETRA III will need special attention. This paper discusses the main design considerations for the construction of such a beamline at a 6 GeV storage ring with an emittance of 1 nm rad.
DESY
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The use of X-ray magnetic circular dichroism in the absorption of soft X-rays for the layer-resolved imaging of magnetic domains is introduced. A photoelectron emission microscope, used as position-sensitive detector for electron yield detection of resonant absorption of circularly polarized X-rays at elemental absorption edges, enables the imaging of the magnetic microstructures at surfaces and buried magnetic layers. Extended to full-image local X-ray magnetic circular dichroism microspectroscopy, this combination of techniques allows the local microscopic determination of element-resolved spin and orbital magnetic moments.
Linear dichroism
Vibrational Circular Dichroism
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This report discusses the following research conducted at NSLS: atomic and molecular science; energy dispersive diffraction; lithography, microscopy and tomography; nuclear physics; UV photoemission and surface science; x-ray absorption spectroscopy; x-ray scattering and crystallography; x-ray topography; workshop on surface structure; workshop on electronic and chemical phenomena at surfaces; workshop on imaging; UV FEL machine reviews; VUV machine operations; VUV beamline operations; VUV storage ring parameters; x-ray machine operations; x-ray beamline operations; x-ray storage ring parameters; superconducting x-ray lithography source; SXLS storage ring parameters; the accelerator test facility; proposed UV-FEL user facility at the NSLS; global orbit feedback systems; and NSLS computer system.
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In 1998, we developed a short beamline with high brightness for x-ray lithography. In 1999, the beamline which is installed in our Tanashi-plan has achieved a dose uniformity better than /spl plusmn/5 % with an exposure intensity over 60 mW/cm/sup 2/ using a synchrotron radiation (SR) beam from a storage ring "AURORA-2S (A2S)". In routine operation, the position of SR beam moves in a range of 0.15 mm in horizontal direction and 0.1 mm in vertical direction. The beam profile varies from round shape to oval shape with an operation parameter. In this paper, we describe the impact of both the beam profile and beam position stability on dose uniformity of the beamline.
Position (finance)
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The versatility of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) as a structural biology method is apparent by its compatibility with many experimental set-ups. Most advanced SAXS studies are conducted at dedicated synchrotron beamlines yielding high beam brilliance, throughput and temporal resolution. However, utilizing the full potential of the method while preserving a high degree of automation provides a challenge to any SAXS beamline. This challenge is especially pertinent at the P12 BioSAXS beamline of the EMBL at the PETRAIII Synchrotron DESY (Hamburg, Germany), optimized and dedicated to scattering of macromolecular solutions. Over 200 unique set-ups are possible at this beamline offering various functionalities, including different temporal and spatial resolutions. Presented here is a beamline control and data-acquisition software, BECQUEREL, designed to maximize flexibility and automation in the operation of P12. In the frame of a single intuitive interface the control system allows for convenient operation with all hardware set-ups available at P12 including a robotic sample changer, in-line size-exclusion chromatography, stop-flow devices, microfluidic spinning disk and various in-air settings. Additional functionalities are available to assist the data-collection procedure for novice users, and also routine operation of the support staff.
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Small-angle X-ray scattering
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P65 is a new X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) spectroscopy beamline at the high brilliance storage ring PETRA III in Hamburg, Germany. It is providing a mm sized beam and a monochromatic photon flux of up to 1012 s−1 at 9 keV. The beamline design is optimised for standard EXAFS measurements under ex- and in-situ conditions. The performance of the beamline is demonstrated using examples from commissioning and the first year of operation.
Monochromatic color
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We have investigated 3d electronic and magnetic states of the Mn ion in IV–VI diluted magnetic semiconductor Ge1−xMnxTe using soft x‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). The rich structure in XAS and XMCD spectra suggests that Mn has highly localized state. The XMCD intensity is good agreement with the spontaneous magnetization of the sample. The contribution of the spin and orbital angular momenta to the magnetic moment is examined using the sum rules.
X-ray absorption spectroscopy
Magnetic semiconductor
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The centrally controlled beamline system for synchrotron radiation lithography has been investigated using the SORTEC storage ring(l GeV). From a practical standpoint, the recently built beamlines aim at attaining a centrally controlled beamline system, which is also serially interfaced with the storage ring. In operating the beamlines, not only local control, but also a central control notion is adopted. The central beamline control system comprises a beamline main computer and a programmable sequence controller (PSC) link. The local beamline control system consists of a PSC, a control panel, and a personal computer. The beamline main computer collects each beamline status datum through the PSC link, receiving the storage ring data from the main computer of the 1 GeV synchrotron radiation (SR) source. A novel oscillating mirror mechanism is proposed, in which the mirror chamber, driven by a combination of a cam mechanism and pulse motor installed in air, is oscillated to scan the mirror, thus producing high reliability and compact design. In addition, a practical beamline structure is offered which fulfills system vacuum protection and protects operators from radiation exposure.
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XANES
K-edge
Absorption edge
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We present the structural and element specific magnetic properties of Co2MnSn and Co2MnSb thin films grown on GaAs (100) substrates using pulsed laser deposition. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) spectra were measured for 400Å thick films at the L2,3 edges of Co and Mn. Element specific moments for Co and Mn in Co2MnSn were calculated from the x-ray absorption and XMCD spectra using the XMCD sum rules. The ratios of orbital to spin magnetic moments for Co and Mn were calculated for Co2MnSn and Co2MnSb.
Pulsed Laser Deposition
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