Recent strategies to develop self-healable crosslinked polymeric networks
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Autonomous self-healable crosslinked materials designed with built-in ability to repair physical damage and cracks can prevent catastrophic failure and thus extend the lifetime of materials. They also retain their dimensional stability, mechanical strength, thermal stability, and solvent resistance. These features promote the development of effective self-healing materials for various applications. This review summarizes recent advances in the development of novel self-healable polymeric materials, both through extrinsic methods involving the encapsulation of extra healing agents in microcapsules and through intrinsic methods utilizing the formation of reversible chemical or physical crosslinks. Further, the outlook is briefly discussed on the important aspects for the current and future development of self-healable materials.Keywords:
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Polymer composites are prone to failure as a result of cracks formed during their lifetime. The growth of these cracks may possibly result to tragic failure. Microcracks in structural materials are to be uncovered to ensure that the polymer structures are reliable in terms of performance, cost-effectiveness and safety. Detection of cracks in structural materials are often difficult and the processes of repair are too complicated. Based on the foregoing, the concept of self-healing technology has been developed to find a possible solution to these issues. The self-healing materials have the capability to heal themselves after ruptures have been experienced. From the biological point of view, self-healing polymeric materials with autonomic healing response triggered by rupture have been introduced. This paper aims to discuss the classes of materials, self-healing polymeric materials and self-healing properties and characteristics of the microcapsules.
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New concept of a self-healing polymer composite has been proposed. Conventional self-healing polymer uses chemical reaction such as polymerization and reversible non-covalent bond for self-healing reaction(1)(2). In this study, application of microbial aerobic metabolism for self-healing reaction was proposed, which has been only applied into self-healing concrete(3) and is entirely different from conventional approach conducted in self-healing polymer. Self-healing polymer using microbial aerobic metabolism has advantage on utilizing external substances in the ambient environment for self-healing reaction. To apply microbial aerobic metabolism into self-healing polymer, technical issues were considered in each self-healing process. After consideration, the filamentous fungi involved in traditional Japanese food industry were selected to resolve each technical issue. The advanced self-healing polymer model using filamentous fungi were designed. This new concept of self-healing polymer will be so innovative by bridging traditional Japanese food and the material science in the cutting edge, which had never come across before.
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A novel self‐sufficient self‐healing system for metal protection is demonstrated in this work. The system is sustainable and can provide effective and durative protection for metal through autonomously healing the protective layer on metal surface while without adding any additional consumable reagents or external powers. As the system is fabricated on the basis of stable oxygen reduction reaction catalyst, the self‐healing process can be repeated many times. Furthermore, the combination of catalyst‐induced repeatable self‐healing of metal passivation and serviceability of polymers makes this system ideal for intelligent metal protection.
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Self-healing polymers and fiber-reinforced polymer composites possess the ability to heal in response to damage wherever and whenever it occurs in the material. This phenomenal material behavior is inspired by biological systems in which self-healing is commonplace. To date, self-healing has been demonstrated by three conceptual approaches: capsule-based healing systems, vascular healing systems, and intrinsic healing polymers. Self-healing can be autonomic—automatic without human intervention—or may require some external energy or pressure. All classes of polymers, from thermosets to thermoplastics to elastomers, have potential for self-healing. The majority of research to date has focused on the recovery of mechanical integrity following quasi-static fracture. This article also reviews self-healing during fatigue and in response to impact damage, puncture, and corrosion. The concepts embodied by current self-healing polymers offer a new route toward safer, longer-lasting, fault-tolerant products and components across a broad cross section of industries including coatings, electronics, transportation, and energy.
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In recent years, self-healing materials have attracted more and more attention due to their ability to repair small cracks and scratches in a small range, and the wide range of applications of polymers, including military equipment, electronic products, aircraft, automobile, building materials, etc. The self-healing polymer is mainly based on microcapsule technology. This paper focuses on the self-healing mechanism of self-healing polymers and the chemical methods and chemical essence involved in the process of self-healing, focusing on the latest research progress of self-healing polymers. At the same time, the development prospect of self-healing polymers is prospected..
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The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. General Aspects of Self‐Healing Materials 3. Materials Classes 3.1. Self‐Healing Polymers and Polymer Composites 3.1.1. Extrinsic Self‐Healing Polymers 3.1.2. Intrinsic Self‐Healing Polymers 3.2. Self‐Healing Concrete 3.3. Self‐Healing Asphalt 3.4. Self‐Healing Ceramics 3.5. Self‐Healing Metals 4. Self‐Healing Materials Beyond Mechanical Properties 5. Economic Aspects 6. Outlook
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