[Telecobalt therapy of lymph node metastases of germinal tumors of the testis].
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There has recently been much interest in the patterns of follicular dendritic reticulum cells (DRC) in pathological lymph nodes, particularly in relation to the phenomenon of DRC break‐up (thought to be pathognomonic of AIDS‐related lymphadenopathies) and to progressive transformation of germinal centres (as a possible precursor of lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's disease). In the present study we have immunostained twenty‐nine reactive lymph nodes and five tonsils with monoclonal antibody R4/23 (DAKO‐DRC) in order to evaluate the frequency of such changes in lymphoid tissue unaffected by AIDS or Hodgkin's disease. Most of the specimens contained typical secondary follicles with clearly defined germinal centres and mantle zones. There were two variants in lymph nodes showing follicular hyperplasia characterized by (i) progressive transformation of germinal centres and (ii) inclusions of nests of small lymphocytes within germinal centres. In each of these types of follicles the compact evenly‐distributed meshwork of DRCs, as previously described, was seen. However there were considerable variations in DRC meshwork in each category (the pattern could not be predicted from the morphology) with examples in all three of the DRC break‐up previously considered specific for the AIDS related lymphadenopathy. Since none of the lymph nodes and tonsils studied had any known relationship to either Hodgkin's disease or AIDS it is argued that none of the changes in the DRC meshwork observed are specific for these conditions.
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Distribution of Leu-7+ cells in cancer tissues and regional lymph nodes was immunohistochemically examined to estimate the role of NK cells in colorectal cancer patients. Leu-7+ cells were rarely observed both in the primary and distant metastatic lesions, but the number of these cells was large in the germinal center of the lymph nodes. Studies of Leu-7+ cell population in the lymph node indicated that intermediate nodes in n0 and n1 groups showed significantly higher values than those in the control group. Comparative study of the population in identical patients revealed a significantly higher rate in the intermediate nodes than in the paracolic nodes both in n0 and n1 groups. These data suggest that Leu-7+ cells might be related to the defense mechanism of regional lymph nodes against tumor.
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ABSTRACT Germinal centers (GC) are critically important for the maturation of the antibody response and the generation of memory B cells, which are the basis for long-term protection from pathogens. Germinal centers only occur in lymphoid tissue, such as lymph nodes, and are not present in blood. Therefore, cells of the germinal center, including GC B cells and GC T follicular helper (T FH ) cells, are not well-studied in humans under normal healthy conditions, due to the limited availability of healthy lymph node samples. We used a minimally invasive, routine clinical procedure, lymph node fine needle aspirations (LN FNAs), to obtain lymph node cells from healthy human subjects to establish benchmarks of GC cells under noninflammatory conditions. This study of 50 lymph nodes demonstrates that human LN FNAs are a safe and feasible technique for immunological research, and defines benchmarks for human GC biology. The findings indicate that assessment of the GC response via LN FNAs will have application to the study of human vaccination, allergy, and autoimmune disease.
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IgG4-related sclerosing disease encompasses a family of disorders associated with increased numbers of IgG4 plasma cells and mass forming lesions in various tissues. Lymphadenopathy is a common finding, seen in up to 80% of cases. In the largest series of cases to date, we describe histologic, immunohistochemical, special stain and flow cytometric findings in 29 cases of enlarged lymph nodes with increased IgG4 plasma cells. Lymph node biopsies showed all resection specimens; no needle core biopsies of tissue were evaluated. Cases were considered to have increased numbers of IgG4 plasma cells using the histological criteria outlined by Cheuk and Chan (2010): IgG4 plasma cells >50 cells in a high-power field and >40% of IgG-positive plasma cells positive for IgG4. Additionally, increased intrafollicular plasma cells were a common finding. The lymph nodes showed a variety of reactive histological features including follicular hyperplasia, progressive transformation of germinal centers, interfollicular expansions, variable degrees of fibrosis, increased histiocytes and occasionally an appearance similar to that of plasma cell Castleman disease.
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