Chemoprophylaxis by Interferons or Inducers against Chemical Carcinogenesis
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Chemoprophylaxis
Carcinoma in situ
Human bladder
Inducer
Pathogenesis
Carcinoma in situ
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Objective:To investigate the expressions of MMP-2,MMP-9 and in human bladder transitional cell carcinoma and discuss their clinical significance. Methods:Using a method of immunohistochemical stains and a MOTICMED6.0 analysis system,the expressions of MMP-2,MMP-9 and P53 were analyzed in samples from 35 cases of bladder carcinoma (tumor group),10 cases of normal bladder (control group). Results:MMP-2 and MMP-9 were highly expressed in tumor samples and their expression rates increased with grades and stages. P53 was also highly expressed in tumor samples but its expression rates was proportional to the grades but not stages. Conclusion:These results suggest that MMP-2,MMP-9 and P53 play an important role in the invasion of the bladder transitional cell carcinoma. Stndy the expressions of them could be a new method for the diagnosis of urothelial carcinomas.
Human bladder
Clinical Significance
Transitional Cell
Bladder Neoplasm
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Objective To investigate the change of gene expression in human transitional cell carcinoma(TCC).Methods Using DNA chip to detect the mRNA from 11 human transitional cell carcinoma and the normal bladder mucous membrane tissues.Results Controlled by normal bladder mucous membrane tissues, there are obvious up regulation in 102 genes' expression and obvious down regulation in 87 genes' expression in human transitional cell carcinoma tissues.Conclusions Many differential-expressing genes related to bladder transitional cell carcinoma.
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Human bladder
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Data concerning the relative efficacy of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) on subgroups of carcinoma in situ of the bladder are limited. We report the outcome of primary carcinoma in situ and carcinoma in situ associated with Ta or T1 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder treated with BCG.Between 1987 and 1997, 135 patients (median age 70 years) with biopsy proven bladder carcinoma in situ underwent a standard course of 6 BCG instillations. Patients were divided into group 1-23 patients with primary carcinoma in situ, group 2-37 with carcinoma in situ associated with Ta transitional cell carcinoma and group 3-75 with carcinoma in situ associated with T1 transitional cell carcinoma.Median followup was 41 months. For groups 1 to 3, complete response rates at 3 months were 74% (17 of 23 cases), 70% (26 of 37) and 75% (56 of 75), respectively. The overall progression rates at 5 years were 20% (3 of 15 cases), 18% (4 of 22) and 49% (25 of 51). Cancer specific survival rates were 83% (10 of 12 patients), 86% (12 of 14) and 59% (17 of 29), and the numbers of patients alive with the bladder intact were 60% (9 of 15), 58% (11 of 19) and 30% (12 of 40). Patients in group 3 treated with BCG had progression significantly earlier than those in groups 1 and 2 (log-rank test p = 0.013). A complete response to BCG in group 3 patients significantly delayed time to progression (Cox regression p = 0.001) but did not reduce death from transitional cell carcinoma. Indeed, only 38% (8 of 21) of complete responders were alive with the bladder intact at 5 years.A single course of BCG is remarkably effective for primary carcinoma in situ and carcinoma in situ associated with Ta transitional cell carcinoma but is suboptimal in patients with carcinoma in situ associated with T1 transitional cell carcinoma. Better outcomes in each of the 3 groups may have occurred with maintenance BCG.
Carcinoma in situ
Log-rank test
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Approximately 54,400 new cases of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder were reported in the United States in 1999, with an estimated 12,500 deaths attributable to this cancer. Close to 75% of all bladder tumors are confined to the urothelium (stage Ta, or carcinoma in situ), and nearly 30% of papillary tumors invade the lamina propria (stage T1). The majority of superficial tumors are low grade with low rates of progression. Transurethral resection is the standard initial treatment for transitional cell carcinoma. Intravesical therapy is an important adjunct to transurethral resection in patients with superficial bladder cancer, many of whom are at risk for disease recurrence and progression. Cytotoxic and immunomodulating agents and, more recently, photosensitizers have demonstrated utility against superficial transitional cell carcinoma. Many studies have assessed and continue to examine the efficacy of various agents at different doses and in different combinations and schedules. Recently, valrubicin (Valstar) won Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval only for the treatment of refractory carcinoma in situ. However, bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and mitomycin (Mutamycin) remain the most commonly used, most effective agents available for prophylaxis against recurrence and subsequent progression of superficial bladder cancer. This article reviews traditional and alternative intravesical agents useful in the therapy and prophylaxis of superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
Carcinoma in situ
Lamina propria
Mitomycin C
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Carcinoma in situ
Transitional Cell
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Objective To study the expression of HSP70 of transitional cell carcinoma of human bladder.Methods Immunohistochemical study for HSP70 was performed on 63 cases of bladder transitional cell carcinoma.Results The total positive rate of HSP70 was 47.62%(30/63).The expression of HSP70 was associated with grade and clinical stage of bladder transitional cell carcinoma.Conclusion The expression of HSP70 was associated with grade and clinical stage of bladder ransitional cell carcinoma.The expression of HSP70 may be helpful to decide the treatment for patients with bladder carcinoma and prognosis.
Human bladder
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Human bladder
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Objectives To investigate the expression of CD44v2 protein and their significance in human bladder transitional cell carcinoma.Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of CD44v2protein in 60 cases of bladder transitional cell carcinoma and 10 subjects of normal bladder mucosa.Results CD44v2 protein was negative in all normal bladder mucosa.The positive expression of CD44v2 protein was 25 cases (41.7％).positive rate was correlated with high pathological grades and TNM stages,but no significant difference was observed in recurrence and number of tumor.Conclusions CD44v2 could be useful indicator for the assessment of pathological grades and TNM stages of bladder transitional cell carcinoma.
Key words:
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Bladder Neoplasms; Antigens, CD44
Transitional Cell
Bladder Neoplasm
Human bladder
Clinical Significance
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Purpose and Methods:The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 were s tudied by SP immunohistochemistry in 68 cases of transitional cell carcinoma of bladder to investigate the relationship of the expression and clinicopathologica l parameters.Results:The expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were higher in TCCB.The expression rate of MMP-9 was 60% and was elevated with grade and stage.The expre ssion rate of TIMP-1 was 45.5%.There was a inverse relationship between the expr ession rate and grade or stage.It was found that the tumors expressed MMP-9(+)/T IMP-1(-) had higher pathological stage and grade than the groups expressed MMP-9 (-)/TIMP-1(+).Conclusions:The expressions of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 be correlated with grade and stage of TCCB.The increased MMP-9 expression and decreased TIMP-1 exp ression were associated with the invasion and development of TCCB.
Human bladder
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