Differences in physical activity between non-overweight, overweight and obese children.
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The purpose of the study was to find out differences in moderate to vigorous physical activity among non-overweight, overweight and obese children, and between boys and girls. The sample included 364 children (179 boys and 185 girls), aged 6.4 years (+/- 0.3 SD). Physical activity was assessed by 7-day questionnaire. Age adapted BMI was used as overweight and obesity indicator. The children were divided into non-overweight, overweight and obese groups. It was found out, that there are significant differences in non-overweight, overweight and obese children (p < 0.05). Boys were significantly (p < 0.05) less moderate to vigorous physical active than girls, especially in indoor activities. There were also significant differences (p < 0.05) in moderate to vigorous physical activity among non-overweight and obese boys and among overweight and obese boys in weekends and total weekly activity. In girls there are significant differences (p < 0.05) in non-overweight, overweight and groups in weekends and total weekly activity. It is possible to conclude, that obese boys and overweight and obese girls, are prone to less physical activity.Cite
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Cross-sectional study
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The BMI data of four birth cohorts of totally 180,716 male 18 year old Austrian conscripts were documented in 5 year intervals starting 1985 and ending 2000 in order to analyze regional and social variety and a time trend of stature, body weight and BMI as well as the prevalence rates of overweight (defined as a BMI > 25.00) and obesity (BMI > 30.00). At first a marked time trend in BMI and overweight/obesity prevalence rates was found. Over the 15 years of investigation BMI increased significantly and the variation of BMI distribution increased too. The impact of educational level on BMI and the prevalence of overweight and obesity was also statistically significant. With increasing educational level BMI and the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity decreased significantly. Furthermore a significant regional variety in BMI and the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were found. BMI and the prevalence rates of obesity and overweight decreased significantly from the Eastern part of Austria to the Western part. Both observations, e.g. the social and regional variety of obesity and overweight prevalence, were true of all 4 birth cohorts. From these results we can conclude that obesity and overweight represent an increasing health problem among young Austrian males. This is especially true of young men of low social status living in the eastern part of Austria.
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This is a study of the pattern of distribution of body mass index and prevalence of overweight and obesity among the population of different regions of Saudi Arabia. It is a cross-sectional population-based national epidemiological randomized household survey. There were 13,177 Saudi subjects, over the age of 15 years. The sample was representative and in accordance with the national population distribution with respect to age, gender, regional and residency population distribution. Height and weight were measured for all study population. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. WHO criteria was used for definition of overweight and obesity. The obesity/overweight (ob/ow) ratio was used to study the relation between prevalence of overweight and obesity. Mean BMI values for female subjects were significantly higher than for male subjects across all regions. Mean BMI values were highest at the fifth decade for male and female subjects in all regions. Mean and 90th percentile of BMI values of male and female subjects of the Eastern region across all age groups were higher than for other regions. There was a progressive increase in prevalence of overweight with age among male subjects; the highest prevalence was achieved in the age group 51-60 years across all the regions. The overall prevalence of overweight was higher among male subjects across all the regions. There was a progressive increase in the prevalence of obesity with age among male and female subjects. The highest was achieved in the age group of 41-50 years across all the regions. There was a regional variation with respect to the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Saudi subjects. The prevalence of overweight was higher among male subjects across all the regions, while the prevalence of obesity was higher among female subjects across all the regions. A high prevalence of obesity was observed in most of the regions. Underlying factors such as lifestyle, nutritional habits, social and cultural beliefs and habits in different regions need to be studied. There is a need to establish a national control program for combating obesity and related complications.
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The aim of this study was to investigate trends of body mass index (BMI) with age in westernizing Macau and to make comparisons with Australian data. A representative random sample (n = 1406, 18-93 years, 55% female) from Macau was recruited in 2012. The Australian sample was extracted from the Australian Health Survey 2011-2012 (n = 7958, 18 to ≥85 years, 52% female). BMI in Australians was greater than Macanese, mean difference 4.4 kg/m 2 ( P < .001). While BMI increases steadily with ageing in each population, the plateau for Macau subjects appears 5 to 10 years earlier than Australians. Prevalence of overweight/obesity in young Macanese adults (18-40 years) was 25% (men) and 22% (women), with the greatest increase in BMI from age 25 to 39 years and 24 to 45 years in men and women, respectively. BMI shifts in younger Macanese men and women, which may reflect emerging lifestyle and nutrition transitions, are a future population health concern in Macau.
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Abstract Objectives To compare the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents using international and ethnic-specific cut-off points and to examine patterns of physical activity and dietary behaviours. Design Cross-sectional analytical study. Setting Schools on Tongatapu, Vava'u and Hapa'ai islands in the Kingdom of Tonga. Subjects A total of 443 school students aged 11–16 years underwent anthropometric measures of height and weight and provided self-reported measures of physical activity and dietary behaviours. Results Mean body mass index (BMI) was higher among girls than boys (23.7 kg m − 2 vs. 21.8 kg m − 2 ) and tended to increase with age. A total of 36.0% of boys and 53.8% of girls were overweight or obese using the international cut-off points, whereas 25.0% of boys and 37.6% of girls were classified in this way using Polynesian-specific cut-off points. Tinned mutton or beef was the food that most participants (56.9%) reported eating once or more per day. Over half of the young people did not eat taro, fruit or vegetables at least once per day. Regular physical activity outside of school hours was reported by 20.7% of respondents, and 58.2% watched 1 h or more of television per day. Physical activity participation was the only behaviour independently associated with a lower risk of overweight or obesity. Conclusions Using Polynesian-specific cut-off points for overweight and obesity the prevalence of these conditions was still among the highest found in adolescents. The prevalence of physical inactivity and poor dietary habits indicate that risk factors for chronic disease are well established during adolescence in Tonga.
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A análise de tendência temporal da obesidade revela riscos crescentes desse agravo em todo o mundo. Este artigo objetiva verificar e comparar as prevalências do sobrepeso e da obesidade em adolescentes masculinos de todos os estados do Brasil, de 1980-2005. Utilizamos o Banco de Dados do Exército Brasileiro com 8.989.508 adolescentes de 17-19 anos de idade. Consideramos como sobrepeso o índice de massa corporal (IMC) entre 25kg/m² e 29,9kg/m², e obesidade como IMC > 30kg/m². Foi verificada tendência crescente da prevalência do sobrepeso e da obesidade, em todos os estados brasileiros, nos anos analisados. Nesse período, o número de adolescentes com sobrepeso aumentou em três vezes e com obesidade em seis vezes. Os valores absolutos de sobrepeso foram maiores que os da obesidade, porém a velocidade de ganho ao longo desse período foi maior para obesidade. Ao analisar a evolução das prevalências por qüinqüênio, observamos que de 1980-2005, à medida que a prevalência do sobrepeso diminuiu, a prevalência da obesidade aumentou em todos os estados brasileiros.
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We assessed the 15-year trends in the distribution of body mass index (BMI) and the prevalence of overweight in the Seychelles (Indian Ocean, African Region) and the relationship with socio-economic status (SES). Three population-based examination surveys were conducted in 1989, 1994 and 2004. Occupation was categorized as 'labourer', 'intermediate' or 'professional'. Education was also assessed in 1994 and 2004. Between 1989 and 2004, mean BMI increased markedly in all sex and age categories (overall: 0.16 kg m(-2) per calendar year, which corresponds to 0.46 kg per calendar year). The prevalence of overweight (including obesity, BMI >or= 25 kg m(-2)) increased from 29% to 52% in men and from 50% to 67% in women. The prevalence of obesity (BMI >or= 30 kg m(-2)) increased from 4% to 15% in men and from 23% to 34% in women. Overweight was associated inversely with occupation in women and directly in men in all surveys. In multivariate analysis, overweight was associated similarly (direction and magnitude) to occupation and education. In conclusion, the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity over time in all age, sex and SES categories suggests large-scale changes in societal obesogenic factors. The sex-specific association of SES with overweight suggests that prevention measures should be tailored accordingly.
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This cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among secondary school children aged 12 to 14 years in the city of Mashhad, Iran and its association with parental body mass index.A total of 1189 secondary school children (579 males and 610 females) aged 12- 14 years old were selected through a stratified multistage random sampling. All adolescents were measured for weight and height. Household socio-demographic information and parental weight and height were self-reported by parents. Adolescents were classified as overweight or obese based on BMI-for age Z-score. Multivariable logistic Regression (MLR) determined the relationship between parental BMI and adolescent overweight and obesity.The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity among secondary school children in Mashhad was 17.2% and 11.9%, respectively. A higher proportion of male (30.7%) than female (27.4%) children were overweight or obese. BMI of the children was significantly related to parental BMI (p<0.001), gender (p= 0.02), birth order (p<0.01), parents' education level (p<0.001), father's employment status (p<0.001), and family income (p<0.001). MLR showed that the father's BMI was significantly associated with male BMI (OR: 2.02) and female BMI (OR: 1.59), whereas the mother's BMI was significantly associated with female BMI only (OR: 0.514).The high prevalence of overweight/obesity among the research population compared with previous studies in Iran could be related to the changing lifestyle of the population. The strong relationship with parental BMI was probably related to a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors. Strategies to address childhood obesity should consider the interaction of these factors.目的：本横横断面研究调查了伊朗马什哈德市年龄在12-14 岁的中学生超重和肥胖情况，并分析与其父母身高体重指数的相关性。方法：采用分层多级随机抽 样1189 名年龄在12-14 岁的中学生(599 名男性，610 名女性)作为调查对象。所 有青少年均测量身高体重。父母提供家庭社会相关信息及自己的身高体重。青 少年们的超重和肥胖是根据年龄相关BMI 的Z-Score 区分的，采用多变量 logistic 回归法(MLR)分析父母BMI 与孩子超重或肥胖的关系。结果：在马什哈 德市中学生中，总的超重或肥胖率分别为17.2%和11.9%。其中男孩的超重或肥 胖率(30.7%) 高于女孩(27.4%) 。孩子的BMI 与父母BMI (p<0.001) 、性别 (p=0.02)、出生时体重(p<0.01)、父母受教育程度(p<0.01)、父亲的职业地位 (p<0.001)、以及家庭收入(p<0.001)都呈显著相关。MLR 分析还提示父亲的BMI 与男孩BMI (OR：2.02)及女孩BMI (OR：1.59)具有显著相关性，而母亲的BMI 则只与女孩BMI (OR：0.514)相关。结论：与之前的对伊朗人群的研究相比，本 研究结果显示超重/肥胖率有所升高，提示人们生活方式的改变。与父母BMI 的 显著相关性可能是由于遗传和生活方式的共同作用结果。在制定控制儿童肥胖 计划时，应当将这些因素的相互作用考虑进去。
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To determine anthropometric measurements (weight, height, body mass index, BMI), and the prevalence of overweight and obesity based on BMI.A cross-sectional survey of 514 Bahraini native adults aged 30-79 years was selected from households using clustering sampling technique.Findings indicate that Bahraini adults were shorter but heavier, and have higher mean BMI than their Western counterparts, suggesting a trend to obesity. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 35.2% and 21.2% for men, while that for women was 31% and 48.7%, respectively.The results of this study confirmed the data in other Arabian Gulf countries, as obesity is a major public health problem among the adult population. Anthropometrics provided in this study can be used as baseline data for the adult population of Bahrain.
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