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    A new flexible a-Si PV module and its application to rooftop PV systems
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    Abstract:
    A novel photovoltaic (PV) module for roof top systems, solar roofing, is proposed. Solar roofing is a flexible amorphous silicon (a-Si) PV sheet having the function of roofing. Tempered glass is used as a roof covering material. Technical items for roof top systems using solar roofing are discussed. Preliminary studies on module component materials show the feasibility of solar roofing. The authors design a construction technology for tempered glass covered roofs and the effects of shadows on PV modules upon its performance are also analyzed.
    Keywords:
    Photovoltaic mounting system
    Solar cable
    Building Integrated Photovoltaics
    BIPV market is growing fast and contributing to zero-energy buildings. Installing PV systems on walls is unusual, however it has a huge potential to stimulate zero-energy buildings. The production of energy from photovoltaic panels installed vertically is difficult to predict due to some reasons like the interference of shadows caused by nearby buildings or adjacent vegetation, and the lower yield contributed by the radiation mostly because of its angle of incidence. This article aims to determine a method to predict the amount of energy produced by PV systems installed on façades, providing information for engineers to make decisions about the installation of photovoltaic panels on building surfaces.
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    This chapter presents the basic principle of solar energy conversion using photovoltaic (PV) cells. It describes the characteristic of PV solar cells including their connections to form arrays. The chapter discusses the various types of solar cells and their properties and also describes advances in solar PV technology and newer solar cells. It also presents PV solar systems in isolated and grid-connected modes along with examples. In photovoltaic energy systems, the solar energy is directly converted to electric energy using photovoltaic solar cell modules. The output powers of photovoltaic (PV) panels have non-linear curves and depend on solar irradiance, degradation level and temperature. Their maximum power point (MPP) changes non-linearly with environmental conditions and load profile. The important factor in a solar electric power system based on photovoltaic conversion is the cost of solar cells. Solar PV systems can be classified based on the end-use application of the technology.
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    Abstract This paper is an introduction to the topics of photovoltaic solar energy conversion and with the help of solar illuminations; street lightings are employed in the surroundings of NIT JALANDHAR. The paper presents the Energy problem in the world: Growing consumption of energy. Solar radiation is described as a main source of renewable energy as well as possible applications of this energy by means of thermal conversion and photovoltaic conversion. The functionality of stand alone solar system is completely different than hybrid kind of solar system. Photovoltaic effect in the p-n junction and physical processes in the photovoltaic structures of solar cells are presented. The performance of each solar panel has been co-related through current and voltage (I-V) curve. The panel size and battery required to operate a better functionality is the key idea of solar photovoltaic system design and its smooth operation. The required number of batteries should be inline such a way that it does fulfil the requirement of power output.
    Solar cable
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    Solar heating and cooling, concentrating solar power and photovoltaic are three solar technologies which harness solar energy. Photovoltaic Technology (PV) is directly converting sunlight into electricity and it is very convenient to use.
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    A novel hybrid photovoltaic/thermovoltaic solar system (PV/TV) was designed with PV cells combined with heat collector and thermoelectric generator. This PV/TV model can collect heat from the solar panels to reduce its surface temperature, and then to generate electricity by using of temperature difference technology and devices. In this paper, electricity generation performance of PV/TV system between April to October was tested and discussed. The application of this system in photovoltaic building was discussed. The results indicate that overall efficiency of this PV/TV system is higher than that of a pure PV system, and about 5%-15% efficiency increase.
    Photovoltaic mounting system
    Solar cable
    Building Integrated Photovoltaics
    Thermoelectric generator
    A novel hybrid photovoltaic/thermal solar system(PV/T) was designed with PV cells combined with heat collector.This PV/TV model can collect heat from the solar panels so that to reduce its surface temperature,and then to use in hot water.Simulation experiments were conducted in outdoor of Beijing.The performance of this system between April to October was analyzed.The application of PV/T system in photovoltaic building was discussed primarily.The overall efficiency of this PV/T system is higher than that of a pure PV system,and about 200%–300% efficiency increase.
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    This paper introduces the design of the all-round solar irradiance measurement system which take the DSP processor as the core. The data which is collected from the system is used to analyze the photovoltaic power generation efficiency in the building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV). BIPV has become an important development direction of the current solar PV technology. The core is the solar PV modules which combined with the building exterior. The BIPV require the installation of PV modules must comply with the appearance of the building, which led to the solar panels cannot be installed in the azimuth and elevation where the PV modules can generate the maximum power in theory. So it is a good practical significance to assess the power generation efficiency of solar photovoltaic modules in the building.
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